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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-38534
amerantimagea03.jpg
Amerant Bancorp Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Florida65-0032379
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
220 Alhambra Circle
Coral Gables,
Florida
33134
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(305)460-4728
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of exchange on which registered
Class A Common StockAMTBNASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   ☒  No ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes   ☒  No ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐       No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
ClassOutstanding as of April 25, 2023
Class A Common Stock, $0.10 par value per share33,813,655 shares of Class A Common Stock
1

AMERANT BANCORP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
March 31, 2023
INDEX
Page
Item 3
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
2
Table of Contents


Part 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)(Unaudited)
March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and due from banks$41,489 $19,486 
Interest earning deposits with banks411,747 228,955 
Restricted cash32,541 42,160 
Cash and cash equivalents485,777 290,601 
Securities
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value1,045,883 1,057,621 
Debt securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (estimated fair value of $218,388 and $217,609 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)
239,258 242,101 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value not held for trading— 11,383 
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock62,556 55,575 
Securities1,347,697 1,366,680 
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value65,289 62,438 
Loans held for investment, gross7,049,746 6,857,194 
Less: Allowance for credit losses84,361 83,500 
Loans held for investment, net6,965,385 6,773,694 
Bank owned life insurance229,824 228,412 
Premises and equipment, net42,380 41,772 
Deferred tax assets, net46,112 48,703 
Operating lease right-of-use assets119,503 139,987 
Goodwill20,525 19,506 
Accrued interest receivable and other assets172,810 156,011 
Total assets$9,495,302 $9,127,804 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Deposits
Demand
Noninterest bearing$1,360,626 $1,367,664 
Interest bearing2,489,565 2,300,469 
Savings and money market1,507,195 1,647,811 
Time1,929,340 1,728,255 
Total deposits7,286,726 7,044,199 
Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank 1,052,012 906,486 
Senior notes59,289 59,210 
Subordinated notes29,326 29,284 
Junior subordinated debentures held by trust subsidiaries64,178 64,178 
Operating lease liabilities122,214 140,147 
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities152,501 178,574 
Total liabilities8,766,246 8,422,078 
Contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders’ equity
Class A common stock, $0.10 par value, 250 million shares authorized; 33,814,260 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 (33,815,161 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022)
3,383 3,382 
Additional paid in capital194,782 194,694 
Retained earnings607,544 590,375 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(74,319)(80,635)
Total stockholders' equity before noncontrolling interest731,390 707,816 
Noncontrolling interest(2,334)(2,090)
Total stockholders' equity729,056 705,726 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$9,495,302 $9,127,804 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Interest income
Loans$108,501 $56,338 
Investment securities13,299 8,628 
Interest earning deposits with banks3,330 132 
Total interest income125,130 65,098 
Interest expense
Interest bearing demand deposits12,855 290 
Savings and money market deposits7,927 745 
Time deposits12,834 4,281 
Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank6,763 2,481 
Senior notes942 942 
Subordinated notes361 88 
Junior subordinated debentures1,115 626 
Total interest expense42,797 9,453 
Net interest income82,333 55,645 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses11,700 (9,275)
Net interest income after provision for (reversal of) credit losses70,633 64,920 
Noninterest income
Deposits and service fees4,955 4,620 
Brokerage, advisory and fiduciary activities4,182 4,596 
Loan-level derivative income2,071 3,152 
Change in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance1,412 1,342 
Cards and trade finance servicing fees533 590 
Derivative gains (losses), net14 (1,345)
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank, net13,173 (714)
Securities (losses) gains, net(9,731)769 
Other noninterest income2,734 1,015 
Total noninterest income19,343 14,025 
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits34,876 30,403 
Professional and other services fees7,628 6,139 
Occupancy and equipment6,798 6,725 
Telecommunication and data processing3,064 4,038 
FDIC assessments and insurance2,737 1,396 
Advertising expenses2,586 2,972 
Loan-level derivative expense1,600 1,043 
Depreciation and amortization1,292 1,152 
Loans held for sale valuation expense— 459 
Contract termination costs— 4,012 
Other operating expenses4,152 2,479 
Total noninterest expenses64,733 60,818 
Income before income tax expense25,243 18,127 
Income tax expense(5,301)(3,824)
Net income before attribution of noncontrolling interest19,942 14,303 
Noncontrolling interest(244)(1,076)
Net income attributable to Amerant Bancorp Inc.$20,186 $15,379 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)20232022
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale arising during the period$6,117 $(39,637)
Net unrealized holding (losses) gains on cash flow hedges arising during the period(188)124 
Reclassification adjustment for items included in net income387 (128)
Other comprehensive income (loss)6,316 (39,641)
Comprehensive income (loss) $26,502 $(24,262)
Earnings Per Share (Note 18):
Basic earnings per common share$0.60 $0.44 
Diluted earnings per common share$0.60 $0.44 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Common StockAdditional
Paid
in Capital		Treasury StockRetained
Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)Total
Stockholders'
Equity Before Noncontrolling Interest		Noncontrolling interestTotal
Stockholders'
Equity
(in thousands, except share data)Shares OutstandingIssued Shares - Par Value
Class A
Balance at December 31, 202233,815,161 $3,382 $194,694 $— $590,375 $(80,635)$707,816 $(2,090)$705,726 
Repurchase of Class A common stock(22,403)— — (566)— — (566)— (566)
Treasury stock retired— (2)(564)566 — — — — — 
Restricted stock issued10,440 1 (1)— — — — — — 
Restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units surrendered(44,896)(4)(1,166)— — — (1,170)— (1,170)
Restricted stock forfeited(1,394)— — — — — — — — 
Performance stock units vested10,621 1 (1)— — — — — — 
Restricted stock units vested46,731 5 (5)— — — — — — 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 1,825 — — — 1,825 — 1,825 
Net income attributable to Amerant Bancorp Inc.— — — — 20,186 — 20,186 — 20,186 
Dividends paid— — — — (3,017)— (3,017)— (3,017)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling-interest shareholders— — — — — — — (244)(244)
Other comprehensive income— — — — — 6,316 6,316 — 6,316 
Balance at March 31, 202333,814,260 $3,383 $194,782 $— $607,544 $(74,319)$731,390 $(2,334)$729,056 

Common StockAdditional
Paid
in Capital		Treasury StockRetained
Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)Total
Stockholders'
Equity Before Noncontrolling Interest		Noncontrolling interestTotal
Stockholders'
Equity
(in thousands, except share data)Shares OutstandingIssued Shares - Par Value
Class A
Balance at December 31, 202135,883,320 $3,589 $262,510 $— $553,167 $15,217 $834,483 $(2,610)$831,873 
Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting principle, net of tax— — — — (13,872)— (13,872)— (13,872)
Repurchase of Class A common stock(1,643,480)— — (54,820)— — (54,820)— (54,820)
Treasury stock retired— (165)(54,655)54,820 — — — — — 
Restricted stock issued104,762 10 (10)— — — — — — 
Restricted stock surrendered(15,174)(2)(994)— — — (996)— (996)
Restricted stock forfeited(1,000)— — — — — — — — 
Restricted stock units vested22,394 2 (2)— — — — — — 
Stock-based compensation expense— — 1,260 — — — 1,260 — 1,260 
Net income attributable to Amerant Bancorp Inc.— — — — 15,379 — 15,379 — 15,379 
Dividends paid— — — — (3,154)— (3,154)— (3,154)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling-interest shareholders— — — — — — — (1,076)(1,076)
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — (39,641)(39,641)— (39,641)
Balance at March 31, 202234,350,822 $3,434 $208,109 $— $551,520 $(24,424)$738,639 $(3,686)$734,953 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income before attribution of noncontrolling interest$19,942 $14,303 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses11,700 (9,275)
Net premium amortization on securities1,241 2,294 
Depreciation and amortization1,292 1,152 
Stock-based compensation expense1,825 1,260 
Change in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance(1,412)(1,342)
Securities losses (gains), net9,731 (769)
Derivative (gains) losses, net(14)1,345 
Gains on sale of loans, net(912)— 
Deferred taxes and others868 2,986 
(Gain) Loss on early extinguishment of advances from the FHLB, net(13,173)714 
Proceeds from sales and repayments of loans held for sale (at fair value)40,925 33,464 
Originations and purchases of loans held for sale (at fair value)(78,375)(45,995)
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable and other assets(7,553)(243)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities(4,881)(12,012)
Net cash used in operating activities(18,796)(12,118)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of investment securities:
Available for sale(6,923)(95,113)
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value not held for trading— (12,656)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock(34,394)(13,130)
(41,317)(120,899)
Maturities, sales, calls and paydowns of investment securities:
Available for sale17,134 69,517 
Held to maturity2,711 6,010 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock27,413 6,819 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value not held for trading11,168 252 
58,426 82,598 
Net increase in loans(203,506)(204,536)
Proceeds from loan sales10,000 58,566 
Cash paid in business acquisition(1,970)— 
Net purchases of premises and equipment and others(3,738)(1,917)
Net cash used in investing activities(182,105)(186,188)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in demand, savings and money market accounts41,442 150,383 
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits201,085 (89,553)
Proceeds from Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank1,030,000 350,000 
Repayments of Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (871,697)(180,714)
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes, net of issuance costs— 29,146 
Repurchase of common stock - Class A(566)(54,820)
Dividend paid(3,017)(3,154)
Common stock surrendered(1,170)(996)
Net cash provided by financing activities396,077 200,292 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash195,176 1,986 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Beginning of period290,601 274,208 
End of period$485,777 $276,194 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (continued)
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid:
Interest$38,712 $7,566 
Income taxes491 239 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations6,233 1,122 
Noncash investing activities:
Mortgage loans held for sale (at fair value) transferred to loans held for investment36,419 9,848 
Loans transferred to other assets26,534 — 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
1.Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
a) Business
Amerant Bancorp Inc. (the “Company”) is a Florida corporation incorporated in 1985, which has operated since January 1987. The Company is a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (“BHC Act”), as a result of its 100% indirect ownership of Amerant Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”). The Company’s principal office is in the City of Coral Gables, Florida. The Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (“Federal Reserve”) and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”). The Bank has three operating subsidiaries, Amerant Investments, Inc., a securities broker-dealer (“Amerant Investments”), Amerant Mortgage, LLC (“Amerant Mortgage”), a majority-owned mortgage lending company domiciled in Florida, and Elant Bank & Trust, a Grand-Cayman based trust company (the “Cayman Bank”).

The Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.10 per common share, is listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “AMTB”.

Restructuring costs
The Company continues to work at optimizing its operating structure to best support its business activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded severance costs of approximately $0.2 million, consulting and other professional fees of $2.7 million and a lease impairment charge of $0.5 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded severance costs of approximately $0.8 million, contract termination and related costs of $4.0 million, legal, consulting fees and other costs totaling $1.3 million. Contract termination and related costs consisted of expenses in connection with the implementation of the multi-year outsourcing agreement with a recognized third party financial technology provider entered into in 2021. The Company expects that it may incur additional contract termination costs once existing vendor relationships are terminated in connection with the implementation of this agreement that cannot be reasonably determined at this time.
Stock Repurchase Programs
On December 19, 2022, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a new repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may purchase, from time to time, up to an aggregate amount of $25 million of its shares of Class A common stock (the “2023 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program”). The 2023 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program is effective from January 1, 2023 until December 31, 2023. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 22,403 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $0.6 million, including transaction costs.
In January 2022, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 652,118 shares of Class A common stock under a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $50 million of the Company’s Class A common stock authorized by the Board of Directors in September 2021 (the “2021 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program”). The aggregate purchase price for these transactions was approximately $22.1 million, including transaction costs. On January 31, 2022, the Company announced the completion of the 2021 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program. See the 2022 Form 10-K for more details.
On January 31, 2022, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a new repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may purchase, from time to time, up to an aggregate amount of $50 million of its shares of Class A common stock (the “New Common Stock Repurchase Program”). In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 991,362 shares of Class A common stock at a weighted average price of $32.96 per share, under the New Common Stock Repurchase Program. The aggregate purchase price for these transactions was approximately $32.7 million, including transaction costs. On May 19, 2022, the Company announced the completion of the New Common Stock Repurchase Program.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the cancellation of all shares of Class A common stock previously repurchased. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no shares of Class A common stock held as treasury stock.
For more information about repurchase programs, see Note 17 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), on March 1, 2023 (the “2022 Form 10-K”).
Dividends
On January 18, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.09 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock. The dividend was paid on February 28, 2023, to shareholders of record on February 13, 2023. The aggregate amount paid in connection with this dividend was approximately $3.0 million.

On January 19, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.09 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock. The dividend was paid on February 28, 2022 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 11, 2022. The aggregate amount paid in connection with this dividend was approximately $3.2 million.
Business Acquisition
On January 13, 2023 (the “Acquisition Date”), Amerant Mortgage completed the acquisition of certain assets and the assumption of certain liabilities of F&B Acquisition Group LLC (“F&B”), including access to an assembled workforce and other identifiable intangibles which collectively constitute a business (the “F&B Acquisition.”) The F&B Acquisition was recorded as a business acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting. The initial purchase price of approximately $2.0 million was paid in cash and included the fair value of certain loans held for sale of $1.0 million. The initial purchase price excludes any contingent consideration. The Company recorded preliminary goodwill of $1.0 million, which represents the excess of the initial purchase price over the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has not completed its determination of the final allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities of the F&B Acquisition, including any identifiable intangible assets and any contingent consideration. Any adjustment to the assets purchased and liabilities assumed with the F&B Acquisition, including adjustments from any identifiable intangible asset and contingent consideration, will result in an adjustment of goodwill. The final allocation of purchase price is expected to be finalized by December 31, 2023.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

b) Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required for a fair statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Interim period operating results may not be indicative of the operating results for a full year or any other period. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022 and the accompanying footnote disclosures for the Company, which are included in the 2022 Form 10-K.
For a complete summary of our significant accounting policies, see Note 1 to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Form 10-K.
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates made by management include: (i) the determination of the allowance for credit losses; (ii) the fair values of securities and the value assigned to goodwill during periodic goodwill impairment tests; (iii) the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance; and (iv) the determination of whether the amount of deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. Management believes that these estimates are appropriate. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Reclassifications
In the three months ended March 31, 2023, loan level derivative expenses are presented separately in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. Previously, these expenses were presented as a component of professional and other services fees in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

c) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Issued and Adopted
New Guidance on Troubled Debt Restructurings
In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that eliminates the recognition and measurement guidance on troubled debt restructurings, or TDR, for creditors, and aligns it with existing guidance to determine whether a loan modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. The new guidance also requires enhanced disclosures about certain loan modifications by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The amended guidance is effective in periods beginning after December 15, 2022 using either a prospective or modified retrospective transition approach. Early adoption was permitted if an entity had already adopted the guidance on accounting for credit losses on financial instruments (“CECL”). The Company adopted this new guidance on TDR as of January 1, 2023, and determined that its adoption had no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
New Guidance on Accounting for Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In 2022, the Company adopted ASC Topic 326 on CECL. The Company adopted the CECL guidance as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption, January 1, 2022, using a modified retrospective approach for all its financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. For more details on the adoption of CECL, see the 2022 Form 10-K.
The following table reflects the impact of adopting CECL on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022:
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands)As ReportedAs Recast (1)Changes
Assets
Allowance for credit losses$56,051 $75,450 $19,399 
Deferred tax assets, net22,119 27,107 4,988 
Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities96,734 96,766 32 
Stockholder’s Equity
Retained earnings565,963 551,520 (14,443)

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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share amounts)As ReportedAs Recast (1)Changes
Total interest income$65,098 $65,098 $— 
Total interest expense9,453 9,453 — 
Net interest income55,645 55,645 — 
Provision for credit losses(10,000)(9,275)725 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses65,645 64,920 (725)
Total noninterest income14,025 14,025 — 
Total noninterest expense60,818 60,818 — 
Income before income taxes18,852 18,127 (725)
Income tax expense (3,978)(3,824)154 
Net income before attribution of noncontrolling interest14,874 14,303 (571)
Noncontrolling interest(1,076)(1,076)— 
Net income attributable to Amerant Bancorp Inc.    $15,950 $15,379 $(571)
Basic earnings per common share$0.46 $0.44 $(0.02)
Diluted earnings per common share$0.45 $0.44 $(0.01)
Cash dividends declared per common share$0.09 $0.09 $— 
__________________
(1)Quarterly amounts previously reported on our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 do not reflect the adoption of CECL. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses totaling $20.9 million, including $11.1 million related to the retroactive effect of adopting CECL for all previous quarterly periods in the year ended December 31, 2022, including loan growth and changes to macro-economic conditions during the period. Quarterly amounts included in the 2022 Form 10-K and in this Form 10-Q reflect the impacts of the adoption of CECL on each interim period of 2022. See the 2022 Form 10-K for more details on the adoption of CECL.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
New Guidance on Fair Value Hedges
In March 2022, the FASB issued amended guidance to expand and clarify existing guidance on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets. The amendments clarify, among others, the “last-of-layer” method for making the fair value hedge accounting for these portfolios more accessible. The amendment also improves the last-of-layer concepts and expands them to non-prepayable financial assets, allowing more flexibility in the structure of derivatives used to hedge interest rate risk. The amended guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amended guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The amended guidance is available for early adoption. The Company adopted this new guidance as of January 1, 2023, and determined that its adoption had no material impact to its consolidated financial statements.
Issued and Not Yet Adopted
For a complete summary of recently issued accounting guidance that has not yet been adopted, see Note 1 to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Form 10-K.

d) Subsequent Events
On April 19, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.09 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock. The dividend is payable on May 31, 2023, to shareholders of record on May 15, 2023.

In April 2023, the Company realized a pretax gain of $4.0 million on the early repayment of $175 million in advances from the FHLB, as part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategies.

The effects of other significant subsequent events, if any, have been recognized or disclosed in these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.


2. Interest Earning Deposits with Banks and Restricted Cash
At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, interest-earning deposits with banks are mainly comprised of deposits with the Federal Reserve and other U.S. banks of approximately $412 million and $229 million, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the average interest rate on these deposits was approximately 4.46% and 1.79%, respectively. These deposits have no stated maturity dates.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had restricted cash balances of $32.5 million and $42.2 million, respectively. These balances include cash pledged as collateral, by other banks to us, to secure derivatives’ margin calls. This cash pledged as collateral also represents an obligation, by the Company, to repay according to margin requirements. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, this obligation was $31.9 million and $41.6 million, respectively, which is included as part of other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. In addition, we have cash balances pledged as collateral to secure the issuance of letters of credit by other banks on behalf of our customers.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
3.Securities
a) Debt Securities
Debt securities available for sale
Amortized cost, allowance for credit losses and approximate fair values of debt securities available for sale are summarized as follows:
March 31, 2023
Amortized
Cost		Gross UnrealizedAllowance for Credit LossesEstimated
Fair Value
(in thousands)GainsLosses
U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities (1) (2)$470,468 $1,492 $(36,971)$— $434,989 
Corporate debt securities (2)296,813 — (28,546)— 268,267 
U.S. government agency debt securities (1) (2)370,791 58 (38,678)— 332,171 
Collateralized loan obligations5,000 — (155)— 4,845 
Municipal bonds (1)1,732 — (59)— 1,673 
U.S. treasury securities3,930 8 — — 3,938 
Total debt securities available for sale (3)$1,148,734 $1,558 $(104,409)$— $1,045,883 
__________________
(1)Includes residential mortgage-backed securities. As of March 31, 2023, we had total residential-mortgage backed securities, included as part of total debt securities available for sale, with amortized cost of $735.2 million and fair value of $668.8 million.
(2)Includes commercial mortgage-backed securities. As of March 31, 2023, we had total commercial mortgage-backed securities, included as part of total debt securities available for sale, with amortized cost of $89.3 million and fair value of $80.5 million.
(3)Excludes accrued interest receivable of $6.1 million as of March 31, 2023, which is included as part of accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company did not record any write offs on accrued interest receivable related to these securities in the three months ended March 31, 2023.


December 31, 2022
Amortized
Cost		Gross UnrealizedAllowance for Credit LossesEstimated
Fair Value
(in thousands)GainsLosses
U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities (1) (2)
$480,359 $981 $(43,666)$— $437,674 
Corporate debt securities (2)306,898 1 (26,199)— 280,700 
U.S. government agency debt securities (1) (2)373,593 42 (42,814)— 330,821 
U.S. treasury securities1,997 — (1)— 1,996 
Municipal bonds (1)1,731 — (75)— 1,656 
Collateralized loan obligations5,000 — (226)— 4,774 
Total debt securities available for sale (3)$1,169,578 $1,024 $(112,981)$— $1,057,621 
__________________
(1)Includes residential mortgage-backed securities. As of December 31, 2022, we had total residential-mortgage backed securities, included as part of total debt securities available for sale, with amortized cost of $743.0 million and fair value of $666.5 million.
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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(2)Includes commercial mortgage-backed securities. As of December 31, 2022, we had total commercial mortgage-backed securities, included as part of total debt securities available for sale, with amortized cost of $91.0 million and fair value of $80.9 million.
(3)Excludes accrued interest receivable of $5.6 million as of December 31, 2022, which is included as part of accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company did not record any write offs on accrued interest receivable related to these securities in 2022.
The Company had investments in foreign corporate debt securities available for sale, primarily in Canada, of $10.1 million and $9.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no foreign sovereign or foreign government agency debt securities available for sale. Investments in foreign corporate debt securities available for sale are denominated in U.S. Dollars.
In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, proceeds from sales, redemptions and calls, gross realized gains, and gross realized losses of debt securities available for sale were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Proceeds from sales, redemptions and calls of debt securities available for sale$475 $14,013 
Gross realized gains$— $49 
Gross realized losses(9,525)— 
Realized (loss) gain, net $(9,525)$49 

The Company’s investment in debt securities available for sale with unrealized losses aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, are summarized below:
March 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(in thousands, except securities count)Number of SecuritiesEstimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Number of SecuritiesEstimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Estimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss
U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities124 $142,583 $(5,626)221 $237,784 $(31,345)$380,367 $(36,971)
Corporate debt securities19 67,865 (5,189)45 200,402 (23,357)268,267 (28,546)
U.S. government agency debt securities62 14,368 (69)130 310,416 (38,609)324,784 (38,678)
Municipal bonds1 733 (25)2 940 (34)1,673 (59)
Collateralized loan obligations1 4,845 (155)— — — 4,845 (155)
207 $230,394 $(11,064)398 $749,542 $(93,345)$979,936 $(104,409)

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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

December 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(in thousands, except securities count)Number of SecuritiesEstimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Number of SecuritiesEstimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Estimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss
U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities250 $292,595 $(22,315)108 $96,986 $(21,351)$389,581 $(43,666)
Corporate debt securities50 203,516 (13,374)14 72,190 (12,825)275,706 (26,199)
U.S. government agency debt securities92 88,056 (4,976)104 240,668 (37,838)328,724 (42,814)
Municipal bonds3 1,656 (75)— — — 1,656 (75)
U.S. treasury securities1 1,996 (1)— — — 1,996 (1)
Collateralized Loan Obligations1 4,774 (226)— — — 4,774 (226)
397 $592,593 $(40,967)226 $409,844 $(72,014)$1,002,437 $(112,981)

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held certain debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. The Company does not intend to sell these debt securities and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery. The Company evaluates these securities for credit losses by reviewing current market conditions, the extent and nature of changes in fair value, credit ratings, default and delinquency rates and current analysts’ evaluations. The Company believes the decline in fair value on these debt securities is attributable to changes in interest rates and investment securities markets, generally, and not credit quality. As a result, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on these securities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Investments in corporate debt available for sale as of March 31, 2023 include securities considered “investment-grade-quality” primarily issued by financial institutions with a fair value of $260.2 million ($258.8 million at December 31, 2022), which had total unrealized losses of $27.6 million at that date ($24.1 million at December 31, 2022); and securities considered “non-investment-grade-quality” from issuers in the technology industry, with a fair value of $8.0 million ($16.9 million at December 31, 2022), which had total unrealized losses of $1.0 million at that date ($2.1 million at December 31, 2022). As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 , our corporate debt securities available for sale issued by financial institutions were primarily “investment-grade-quality”, and had a fair value $192.2 million and $206.3 million, respectively, and unrealized losses of $20.7 million and $16.6 million, respectively. The Company does not intend to sell these investments and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell these investments before their anticipated recovery. The Company evaluates corporate debt securities for credit losses by reviewing various qualitative and quantitative factors such as current market conditions, the extent and nature of changes in fair value, credit ratings, default and delinquency rates, and current analysts’ evaluations. The Company believes the decline in fair value on these debt securities is attributable to changes in interest rates and investment securities markets, generally, and not credit quality. As a result, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on these securities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


At December 31, 2022, the Bank had one corporate debt security held for sale (the “Signature Bond”) issued by Signature Bank, N.A. (“Signature”) with a fair value $9.1 million and unrealized loss of $0.9 million. At December 31, 2022, the Signature Bond was in an unrealized loss position for less one than year. On March 12, 2023, Signature was closed by the New York State Department of Financial Services, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as receiver. The FDIC, as receiver, announced that shareholders and certain unsecured debt holders will not be protected. On March 27, 2023, the Bank sold the Signature Bond in an open market transaction and realized a pretax loss on sale of approximately $9.5 million which is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Debt securities held to maturity

Amortized cost and approximate fair values of debt securities held to maturity are summarized as follows:
March 31, 2023
Amortized
Cost		Gross UnrealizedEstimated
Fair Value		Allowance for Credit Losses
(in thousands)GainsLosses
U.S. government agency debt securities (1)$67,859 $362 $(7,310)$60,911 $— 
U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities(1) (2)171,399 — (13,922)157,477 — 
 Total debt securities held to maturity (3)$239,258 $362 $(21,232)$218,388 $— 
__________________
(1)Includes residential mortgage-backed securities. As of March 31, 2023, we had total residential mortgage-backed securities, included as part of total debt securities held to maturity, with amortized cost of $211.3 million and fair value of $191.8 million.
(2)Includes commercial mortgage-backed securities. As of March 31, 2023, we had total commercial mortgage-backed securities, included as part of total debt securities held to maturity, with amortized cost of $28.0 million and fair value of $26.6 million.
(3)Excludes accrued interest receivable of $0.7 million as of March 31, 2023, which is included as part of accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company did not record any write offs on accrued interest receivable related to these securities in the three months ended March 31, 2023.



December 31, 2022
Amortized
Cost		Gross UnrealizedEstimated
Fair Value		Allowance for Credit Losses
(in thousands)GainsLosses
U.S. government agency debt securities (1)$68,556 $109 $(7,778)$60,887 $— 
U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities (1) (2)173,545 — (16,823)156,722 — 
 Total debt securities held to maturity (3)$242,101 $109 $(24,601)$217,609 $— 
__________________
(1)Includes residential mortgage-backed securities. As of December 31, 2022,we had total residential mortgage-backed securities, included as part of total debt securities held to maturity, with amortized cost of $213.9 million and fair value of $191.4 million.
(2)Includes commercial mortgage-backed securities. As of December 31, 2022, includes total commercial mortgage-backed securities with amortized cost of $28.2 million and fair value of $26.2 million.
(3)Excludes accrued interest receivable of $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022, which is included as part of accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company did not record any write offs on accrued interest receivable related to these securities in 2022.

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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The Company’s investment in debt securities held to maturity with unrealized losses aggregated by length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, are summarized below:
March 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(in thousands)Number of SecuritiesEstimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Number of SecuritiesEstimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Estimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss
U.S. government agency debt securities— $— $— 12 $50,558 $(7,310)$50,558 $(7,310)
U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities24 119,865 (5,635)10 37,612 (8,287)157,477 (13,922)
24 $119,865 $(5,635)22 $88,170 $(15,597)$208,035 $(21,232)
December 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(in thousands)Number of SecuritiesEstimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Number of SecuritiesEstimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss		Estimated
Fair Value		Unrealized
Loss
U.S. government agency debt securities— $— $— 12 $50,755 $(7,778)$50,755 $(7,778)
U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities31 142,033 (9,085)3 14,689 (7,738)156,722 (16,823)
31 $142,033 $(9,085)15 $65,444 $(15,516)$207,477 $(24,601)

Beginning January 1, 2022, the Company evaluates all debt securities held to maturity quarterly to determine if any securities in an unrealized loss position require an ACL. The Company considers that all debt securities held to maturity issued or sponsored by the U.S. government are considered to be risk-free as they have the backing of the government. The Company believes there are not current expected credit losses on these securities and, therefore, did not record an ACL on any of its debt securities held to maturity as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company monitors the credit quality of held to maturity securities through the use of credit ratings. Credit ratings are monitored by the Company on at least a quarterly basis. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all debt securities held to maturity held by the Company were rated investment grade or higher.

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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Contractual maturities
Contractual maturities of debt securities at March 31, 2023 are as follows:
Available for SaleHeld to Maturity
(in thousands)Amortized
Cost		Estimated
Fair Value		Amortized
Cost		Estimated
Fair Value
Within 1 year$11,199 $11,195 $— $— 
After 1 year through 5 years109,477 104,004 6,521 4,076 
After 5 years through 10 years239,698 216,047 13,023 12,495 
After 10 years788,360 714,637 219,714 201,817 
$1,148,734 $1,045,883 $239,258 $218,388 
b) Equity securities with readily available fair value not held for trading
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had no equity securities with readily available fair value not held for trading. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had equity securities with readily available fair value not held for trading with an original cost of $12.7 million, and fair value of $11.4 million, respectively. These equity securities have no stated maturities. The Company recognized net unrealized gains of $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022, related to the change in market value of these equity securities. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold all of its equity securities with readily available fair value not held for trading, with a total fair value of $11.2 million at the time of sale, and recognized a net loss of $0.2 million in connection with this transaction.

c) Securities Pledged

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $557.6 million and $314.5 million, respectively, in securities pledged as collateral. These securities were pledged to secure advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank, public funds and for other purposes as permitted by law.

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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
4.Loans
a) Loans held for investment
Loans held for investment consist of the following loan classes:
(in thousands)March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied$1,630,451 $1,615,716 
Multi-family residential796,125 820,023 
Land development and construction loans303,268 273,174 
2,729,844 2,708,913 
Single-family residential1,189,045 1,102,845 
Owner occupied1,069,491 1,046,450 
4,988,380 4,858,208 
Commercial loans (1)1,497,649 1,381,234 
Loans to financial institutions and acceptances13,312 13,292 
Consumer loans and overdrafts550,405 604,460 
    Total loans held for investment, gross (2)$7,049,746 $6,857,194 
_________________
(1)At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, includes equipment financing totaling $46.7 million and $45.3 million, respectively.
(2)Excludes accrued interest receivable.


At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans with outstanding principal balances of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure advances from the FHLB.

The amounts above include loans under syndication facilities of approximately $410 million and $367 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which include Shared National Credit facilities and agreements to enter into credit agreements with other lenders (club deals) and other agreements. In addition, consumer loans and overdrafts in the table above include indirect consumer loans purchased totaling $372.2 million and $433.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.


International loans included above were $96.2 million and $99.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, mainly single-family residential loans. These loans are net of collateral of cash, cash equivalents or other financial instruments totaling $6.9 million and $6.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company purchased $1.0 million in single-family residential loans. There were no purchases of single-family residential loans in the three months ended March 31, 2022. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company purchased $124.0 million in indirect consumer loans. There were no purchases of indirect consumer loans in the three months ended March 31, 2023.
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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The age analyses of the loan portfolio by class as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are summarized in the following tables:
March 31, 2023
Total Loans,
Net of
Unearned
Income		Past Due
(in thousands)Current30-59
Days		60-89
Days		Greater than
90 Days		Total Past
Due
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied$1,630,451 $1,630,451 $— $— $— $— 
Multi-family residential796,125 795,885 240 — — 240 
Land development and construction loans303,268 303,268 — — — — 
2,729,844 2,729,604 240 — — 240 
Single-family residential1,189,045 1,182,147 6,205 — 693 6,898 
Owner occupied1,069,491 1,064,377 4,841 — 273 5,114 
4,988,380 4,976,128 11,286 — 966 12,252 
Commercial loans1,497,649 1,486,516 380 196 10,557 11,133 
Loans to financial institutions and acceptances13,312 13,312 — — — — 
Consumer loans and overdrafts550,405 550,176 168 8 53 229 
$7,049,746 $7,026,132 $11,834 $204 $11,576 $23,614 

December 31, 2022
Total Loans,
Net of
Unearned
Income		Past Due
(in thousands)Current30-59
Days		60-89
Days		Greater than
90 Days		Total Past
Due
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied$1,615,716 $1,615,716 $— $— $— $— 
Multi-family residential820,023 818,394 1,387 242 — 1,629 
Land development and construction loans273,174 273,174 — — — — 
2,708,913 2,707,284 1,387 242 — 1,629 
Single-family residential1,102,845 1,098,310 3,140 150 1,245 4,535 
Owner occupied1,046,450 1,039,928 172 6,014 336 6,522 
4,858,208 4,845,522 4,699 6,406 1,581 12,686 
Commercial loans1,381,234 1,373,042 1,523 475 6,194 8,192 
Loans to financial institutions and acceptances13,292 13,292 — — — — 
Consumer loans and overdrafts604,460 601,921 2,439 62 38 2,539 
$6,857,194 $6,833,777 $8,661 $6,943 $7,813 $23,417 

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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Nonaccrual status
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 90 days and still accruing as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
As of March 31, 2023
(in thousands)Nonaccrual Loans With No Related AllowanceNonaccrual Loans With Related AllowanceTotal Nonaccrual Loans (1)Loans Past Due Over 90 Days and Still Accruing
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Nonowner occupied$— $— $— $— 
Multi-family residential— — $— — 
Single-family residential— 1,367 $1,367 — 
Owner occupied6,847 271 7,118 — 
6,847 1,638 $8,485 — 
Commercial loans471 13,172 $13,643 — 
Consumer loans and overdrafts1 — 1 53 
Total$7,319 $14,810 $22,129 $53 
As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Nonaccrual Loans With No Related AllowanceNonaccrual Loans With Related AllowanceTotal Nonaccrual Loans (1)Loans Past Due Over 90 Days and Still Accruing
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Nonowner occupied$20,057 $— $20,057 $— 
Multi-family residential— — — — 
Single-family residential— 1,526 1,526 253 
Owner occupied5,936 334 6,270 — 
25,993 1,860 27,853 253 
Commercial loans482 8,789 9,271 183 
Consumer loans and overdrafts— 4 4 35 
Total$26,475 $10,653 $37,128 $471 
The Company did not recognize any interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

b) Loans held for sale
Loans held for sale consist of the following loan classes:
(in thousands)March 31,
2023
December 31, 2022
Loans held for sale at fair value
Land development and construction loans15,527 9,424 
Single-family residential 49,762 53,014 
Total loans held for sale at fair value (1)(2)(3)65,289 62,438 
_______________
(1)Loans held for sale in connection with Amerant Mortgage’s ongoing business.
(2)Remained current and in accrual status at each of the periods shown.
(3)Excludes accrued interest receivable.


c) Concentration of risk

While seeking diversification of our loan portfolio held for investment and held for sale, the Company is dependent mostly on the economic conditions that affect South Florida, Tampa Bay and the greater Houston and New York City areas. Diversification is managed through policies with limitations for exposure to individual or related debtors and for country risk exposure.


d) Accrued interest receivable on loans

Accrued interest receivable on total loans, including loans held for investment and held for sale, was $30.1 million and $27.7 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company reversed accrued interest receivable on loans placed in non-accrual status during the period against interest income of approximately $0.2 million, related to real estate loans and commercial loans. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company reversed accrued interest receivable on loans placed in non-accrual status during the period against interest income of approximately $0.2 million, including: (i) $0.1 million related to consumer loans and overdrafts, and (ii) a total of $0.1 million related to real estate loans and commercial loans.


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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
5.Allowance for Credit Losses
The analyses by loan segment of the changes in the ACL for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is summarized in the following tables:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)Real EstateCommercialFinancial
Institutions		Consumer
and Others		Total
Balance at beginning of the period$25,237 $25,888 $— $32,375 $83,500 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses(2,181)9,401 — 4,480 11,700 
Loans charged-off— (7,975)— (6,354)(14,329)
Recoveries139 3,333 — 18 3,490 
Balance at end of the period$23,195 $30,647 $— $30,519 $84,361 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Recast (1)
(in thousands)
Real Estate
Commercial
Financial
Institutions
Consumer
and Others
Total
Balance at beginning of the period$17,952 $38,979 $42 $12,926 $69,899 
Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting principle (1)17,418 (8,281)(42)9,579 18,674 
Reversal of (provision for) credit losses (1)(10,347)(2,644)— 3,716 (9,275)
Loans charged-off— (3,275)— (1,047)(4,322)
Recoveries4 300 — 170 474 
Balance at end of the period (1)$25,027 $25,079 $— $25,344 $75,450 
_______________
(1)Recast amounts reflect the impact of the adoption of CECL effective as of January 1, 2022. See Note 1 “Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.

The ACL was determined utilizing a reasonable and supportable forecast period. The ACL was determined using a weighted-average of various economic scenarios provided by a third-party, and incorporated qualitative components. There has not been material changes in our policies and methodology to estimate the ACL in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The ACL increased by $0.9 million, or 1.0% at March 31, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022. The ACL as a percentage of total loans was 1.20% at March 31, 2023 compared to 1.22% at December 31, 2022. The provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was largely offset by net charge-offs. During the first quarter of 2023, the provision for credit losses includes $7.5 million in additional reserve requirements for loan charge-offs and credit quality, $2.2 million to account for loan growth in the quarter and $2.0 million to reflect updated economic factors.


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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following is a summary of net proceeds from sales of loans held for investment by portfolio segment:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)		Real EstateCommercialFinancial
Institutions		Consumer
and others		Total
2023$10,000 $— $— $— $10,000 
2022$— $— $— $1,313 $1,313 

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The Company modifies loans related to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted.
The Company had no new loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2023. There were no loans that defaulted in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and had been modified within 12 months preceding the payment default related to these modifications.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
As result of adoption pending guidance related to CECL effective as of January 1, 2023, the Company had no reportable balances related to TDRs as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. See Note 1 “Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.

There were no new TDRs in the three months ended March 31, 2022. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no TDR loans that subsequently defaulted within the 12 months of restructuring.

Credit Risk Quality
The sufficiency of the ACL is reviewed at least quarterly by the Chief Risk Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. The Board of Directors considers the ACL as part of its review of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company believes the ACL (ALL in 2021) to be sufficient to absorb expected credit losses in the loans portfolio in accordance with GAAP.
Loans may be classified but not considered collateral dependent due to one of the following reasons: (1) the Company has established minimum dollar amount thresholds for individual assessment of expected credit losses, which results in loans under those thresholds being excluded from individual assessment of expected credit losses; and (2) classified loans may be considered in the assessment because the Company expects to collect all amounts due.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related primarily to (i) the risk rating of loans, (ii) the loan payment status, (iii) net charge-offs, (iv) nonperforming loans and (v) the general economic conditions in the main geographies where the Company’s borrowers conduct their businesses. The Company considers the views of its regulators as to loan classification and in the process of estimating expected credit losses.
The Company utilizes an internal risk rating system to identify the risk characteristics of each of its loans, or group of homogeneous loans such as consumer loans. Internal risk ratings are updated on a continuous basis on a scale from 1 (worst credit quality) to 10 (best credit quality). Loans are then grouped in five master risk categories for purposes of monitoring rising levels of potential loss risks and to enable the activation of collection or recovery processes as defined in the Company’s Credit Risk Policy. Internal risk ratings are considered the most meaningful indicator of credit quality for commercial loans. Generally, internal risk ratings for commercial real estate loans and commercial loans with balances over $3 million are updated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances indicate that a change in risk rating may be warranted. For consumer loans, single-family residential loans and smaller commercial loans under $3 million, risk ratings are updated based on the loans past due status.The following is a summary of the master risk categories and their associated loan risk ratings, as well as a description of the general characteristics of the master risk category:
Loan Risk Rating
Master risk category
Nonclassified
4 to 10
Classified
1 to 3
Substandard3
Doubtful2
Loss1
Nonclassified
This category includes loans considered as Pass (5-10) and Special Mention (4). A loan classified as Pass is considered of sufficient quality to preclude a lower adverse rating. These loans are generally well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or by the value of any collateral received. Special Mention loans are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention which, if left uncorrected, could potentially result in further credit deterioration. Special Mention loans may include loans originated with certain credit weaknesses or that developed those weaknesses since their origination.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Classified
This classification indicates the presence of credit weaknesses which could make loan repayment unlikely, such as partial or total late payments and other contractual defaults.
Substandard
A loan classified substandard is inadequately protected by the sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the credit weaknesses are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard loans, does not have to exist in individual assets.
Doubtful
These loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a loan classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. These are poor quality loans in which neither the collateral, if any, nor the financial condition of the borrower presently ensure collection in full in a reasonable period of time. As a result, the possibility of loss is extremely high.
Loss
Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the assets have absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but not to the point where a write-off should be deferred even though partial recoveries may occur in the future. This classification is based upon current facts, not probabilities. As a result, loans in this category should be promptly charged off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible.

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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Loans held for investment by Credit Quality Indicators
The following tables present Loans held for investment by credit quality indicators and year of origination as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

March 31, 2023
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands)20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans
Amortized Cost
Basis		Total
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Nonowner occupied
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass$36,408 $195,667 $628,200 $34,329 $91,426 $412,601 $223,485 $1,622,116 
Special Mention— — — — — 8,335 — 8,335 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total Nonowner occupied36,408 195,667 628,200 34,329 91,426 420,936 223,485 1,630,451 
Multi-family residential
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass1,528 67,799 110,320 26,857 117,828 126,672 320,773 771,777 
Special Mention— — — — — 24,348 — 24,348 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total Multi-family residential1,528 67,799 110,320 26,857 117,828 151,020 320,773 796,125 
Land development and construction loans
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass3,647 9,433 27,755 23,465 179 26,930 211,859 303,268 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total land development and construction loans3,647 9,433 27,755 23,465 179 26,930 211,859 303,268 
Single-family residential
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass95,779 470,813 184,067 69,512 21,350 78,397 267,613 1,187,531 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — 966 548 1,514 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total Single-family residential95,779 470,813 184,067 69,512 21,350 79,363 268,161 1,189,045 
Owner occupied
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass52,708 254,789 458,037 22,135 63,220 181,220 30,180 1,062,289 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard2,040 2,873 625 1,664 7,202 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total owner occupied52,708 256,829 460,910 22,760 63,220 182,884 30,180 1,069,491 
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
March 31, 2023
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands)20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans
Amortized Cost
Basis		Total
Non-real estate loans
Commercial Loans
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass122,185 376,984 87,033 16,303 41,708 44,224 791,078 1,479,515 
Special Mention— — — 1,543 1,447 250 3,240 
Classified
Substandard— 24 9 262 184 959 13,453 14,891 
Doubtful— — — 3 — — 3 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total commercial Loans122,185 377,008 87,042 18,108 41,895 46,630 804,781 1,497,649 
Loans to financial institutions and acceptances
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass— — — — — 13,312 — 13,312 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total loans to financial institutions and acceptances— — — — — 13,312 — 13,312 
Consumer loans
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass6,850 47,625 135,014 240,930 57 38 119,890 550,404 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard— — — 1 — 1 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total consumer loans6,850 47,625 135,014 240,930 57 39 119,890 550,405 
Total loans held for investment, gross$319,105 $1,425,174 $1,633,308 $435,961 $335,955 $921,114 $1,979,129 $7,049,746 


















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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

December 31, 2022
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands)20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans
Amortized Cost
Basis		Total
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Nonowner occupied
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass$177,852 $637,015 $34,525 $91,941 $82,385 $342,174 $221,333 $1,587,225 
Special Mention— — — — — 8,378 — 8,378 
Classified
Substandard— — — 20,113 — — — 20,113 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total Nonowner occupied177,852 637,015 34,525 112,054 82,385 350,552 221,333 1,615,716 
Multi-family residential
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass85,670 110,943 26,881 126,724 27,242 124,433 318,130 820,023 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total Multi-family residential85,670 110,943 26,881 126,724 27,242 124,433 318,130 820,023 
Land development and construction loans
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass8,846 27,746 23,459 188 — 26,930 186,005 273,174 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total land development and construction loans8,846 27,746 23,459 188 — 26,930 186,005 273,174 
Single-family residential
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass480,328 186,790 70,853 21,654 16,630 65,249 259,411 1,100,915 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — 741 1,189 1,930 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total Single-family residential480,328 186,790 70,853 21,654 16,630 65,990 260,600 1,102,845 
Owner occupied
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass256,816 479,961 22,341 63,629 21,790 162,411 33,146 1,040,094 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard2,096 1,631 656 — 650 1,283 40 6,356 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total owner occupied258,912 481,592 22,997 63,629 22,440 163,694 33,186 1,046,450 





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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

December 31, 2022
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands)20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans
Amortized Cost
Basis		Total
Non-real estate loans
Commercial Loans
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass400,781 95,470 19,815 42,936 32,248 16,297 761,489 1,369,036 
Special Mention— — — — 1,499 — 250 1,749 
Classified
Substandard— 84 267 194 27 984 8,890 10,446 
Doubtful— — — 3 — — — 3 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total commercial Loans400,781 95,554 20,082 43,133 33,774 17,281 770,629 1,381,234 
Loans to financial institutions and acceptances
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass— — — — — 13,292 — 13,292 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total loans to financial institutions and acceptances— — — — — 13,292 — 13,292 
Consumer loans
Credit Risk Rating:
Nonclassified
Pass338,744 121,011 29,053 68 54 — 115,300 604,230 
Special Mention— — — — — — — — 
Classified
Substandard98 128 — — — 4 — 230 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — 
Loss— — — — — — — — 
Total consumer loans338,842 121,139 29,053 68 54 4 115,300 604,460 
Total loans held for investment, gross$1,751,231 $1,660,779 $227,850 $367,450 $182,525 $762,176 $1,905,183 $6,857,194 

















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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The following table present gross charge-offs by year of origination for the periods presented:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Term Loans Charge-offs by Origination Year
(in thousands)20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans
Charge-Offs		Total
Year-To-Date Gross Charge-offs
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Nonowner occupied$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Multi-family residential— — — — — — — — 
Land development and construction loans— — — — — — — — 
— — — — — — — — 
Single-family residential— — — — — 32 — 32 
Owner occupied— — — — — — — — 
— — — — — 32 — 32 
Commercial loans7,558 93 — — 324 — 7,975 
Loans to financial institutions and acceptances— — — — — — — — 
Consumer loans and overdrafts— 2,890 2,879 293 — 260 — 6,322 
Total Year-To-Date Gross Charge-Offs$— $10,448 $2,972 $293 $— $616 $— $14,329 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Term Loans Charge-offs by Origination Year
(in thousands)20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans
Charge-Offs		Total
Year-To-Date Gross Charge-offs
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Nonowner occupied$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Multi-family residential— — — — — — — — 
Land development and construction loans— — — — — — — — 
— — — — — — — — 
Single-family residential— — — — — 14 — 14 
Owner occupied— — — — — — — — 
— — — — — 14 — 14 
Commercial loans2,523 — 750 — — 2 — 3,275 
Loans to financial institutions and acceptances— — — — — — — — 
Consumer loans and overdrafts19 591 422 — — 1 — 1,033 
Total Year-To-Date Gross Charge-Offs$2,542 $591 $1,172 $— $— $17 $— $4,322 










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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Collateral -Dependent Loans

Loans are considered collateral-dependent when the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided by the sale or operation of the underlying collateral. The Company performs an individual evaluation as part of the process of calculating the allowance for credit losses related to these loans. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans related to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by type of collateral as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

As of March 31, 2023
Collateral Type
(in thousands)Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOtherTotalSpecific Reserves
Real estate loans
Owner occupied (1)$6,845 $— $— $6,845 $— 
Commercial loans (2)1,998 — 11,080 13,078 5,787 
Total $8,843 $— $11,080 $19,923 $5,787 
_________________
(1)Weighted-average loan-to-value was approximately 69% at March 31, 2023.
(2)Includes loans with no specific reserves totaling $0.4 million with a weighted-average loan-to-value of approximately 45%.


As of December 31, 2022
Collateral Type
(in thousands)Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOtherTotalSpecific Reserves
Real estate loans
Commercial real estate
Nonowner occupied (1)$20,121 $— $— $20,121 $— 
Owner occupied (2)5,934 — — 5,934 — 
26,055 — — 26,055 — 
Commercial loans (3)1,998 — 6,401 8,399 5,179 
Total $28,053 $— $6,401 $34,454 $5,179 
_________________
(1)Weighted-average loan-to-value was approximately 92.7% at December 31, 2022.
(2)Weighted-average loan-to-value was approximately 62.7% at December 31, 2022.
(3)Includes loans with no specific reserves totaling $0.5 million with a weighted-average loan-to-value of approximately 42%.


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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Collateral dependent loans are evaluated on an individual basis for purposes for determining expected credit losses. For collateral-dependent loans where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the financial asset to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the loan. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the weighted-average loan-to-values related to existing owner-occupied and commercial collateral dependent loans with no specific reserves decreased approximately 2% and 3%, respectively, since December 31, 2022.


6.Time Deposits
Time deposits in denominations of $100,000 or more amounted to approximately $1.0 billion at March 31, 2023 and $928 million at December 31, 2022, respectively. Time deposits in denominations of more than $250,000 amounted to approximately $535 million and $486 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, brokered time deposits amounted to $725 million and $609 million, respectively.

Large Time Deposits by Maturity

The following table sets forth the maturities of our time deposits with individual balances equal to or greater than $100,000 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands, except percentages)
Less than 3 months$174,002 17.4 %$140,292 15.1 %
3 to 6 months109,993 11.0 %148,137 16.0 %
6 to 12 months523,972 52.4 %497,436 53.6 %
1 to 3 years182,704 18.3 %135,663 14.6 %
Over 3 years8,805 0.9 %6,889 0.7 %
Total$999,476 100.0 %$928,417 100.0 %


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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

7.Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank
At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding advances from the FHLB as follows:
Outstanding Balance
Year of MaturityInterest
Rate		Interest
Rate Type		At March 31, 2023At December 31, 2022
(in thousands)
20235.07%Variable$30,000 $— 
2023
0.61% to 4.84%
Fixed— 304,821 
2024
1.68%
Fixed— 100,000 
2025
1.40% to 3.07%
Fixed352,012 451,665 
2027 and after (1)
1.82% to 4.40%
Fixed670,000 50,000 
$1,052,012 $906,486 
_______________
(1)There were no callable advances from the FHLB as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
In the first quarter of 2023, the Company realized a pretax gain of $13.2 million on the early repayment of $565 million in advances from the FHLB, as part of the Company’s asset/liability management activities.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
8.Senior Notes
On June 23, 2020, the Company completed a $60.0 million offering of senior notes with a coupon rate of 5.75% and a maturity date of June 30, 2025 (the “Senior Notes”). The net proceeds, after direct issuance costs of $1.6 million, totaled $58.4 million. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, these Senior Notes amounted to $59.3 million and $59.2 million, respectively, net of direct unamortized issuance costs of $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The Senior Notes are presented net of direct issuance costs in the consolidated financial statements. These costs have been deferred and are being amortized over the term of the Senior Notes of 5 years as an adjustment to yield. These Senior Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated, rank equally with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.

9.Subordinated Notes
On March 9, 2022, the Company entered into a Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Amerant Florida (the “Guarantor”), and qualified institutional buyers pursuant to which the Company sold and issued $30.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 4.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due March 15, 2032 (the “Subordinated Notes”). Net proceeds were $29.1 million, after estimated direct issuance costs of approximately $0.9 million. Unamortized direct issuance costs are deferred and amortized over the term of the Subordinated Notes of 10 years. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, these Subordinated Notes amounted to $29.3 million, net of direct unamortized issuance costs of $0.7 million.

The Subordinated Notes will initially bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.25% per annum, from and including March 9, 2022, to but excluding March 15, 2027, with interest payable semi-annually in arrears. From and including March 15, 2027, to but excluding the stated maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual floating rate equal to the then-current benchmark rate, which will initially be the three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 251 basis points, with interest during such period payable quarterly in arrears. If the three-month SOFR cannot be determined during the applicable floating rate period, a different index will be determined and used in accordance with the terms of the Subordinated Notes.

These Subordinated Notes are unsecured, subordinated obligations of the Company and rank junior in right of payment to all of the Company’s current and future senior indebtedness. Prior to March 15, 2027, the Company may redeem the Subordinated Notes, in whole but not in part, only under certain limited circumstances. On or after March 15, 2027, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Subordinated Notes, in whole or in part, on any interest payment date, subject to the receipt of any required regulatory approvals. The Subordinated Notes have been structured to qualify as Tier 2 capital of the Company for regulatory capital purposes, and rank equally in right of payment to all of our existing and future subordinated indebtedness.

The Subordinated Notes were offered and sold by the Company in a private placement offering in reliance on exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D under the Securities Act. In connection with the sale and issuance of the Subordinated Notes, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to take certain actions to provide for the exchange of the Subordinated Notes for subordinated notes that are registered under the Securities Act and will have substantially the same terms.

On June 21, 2022, the Company successfully completed the exchange of all of its outstanding Subordinated Notes for an equal principal amount of its registered 4.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032 (the “Registered Subordinated Notes”). The terms of the Registered Subordinated Notes are substantially identical to the terms of the Subordinated Notes, except that the Registered Subordinated Notes are not subject to the transfer restrictions, registration rights and additional interest provisions (under the circumstances described in the registration rights agreement relating to our fulfillment of our registration obligations) applicable to the Subordinated Notes.

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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

On August 2, 2022, the Company completed an intercompany transaction of entities under common control, pursuant to which the Guarantor, merged with and into the Company, with the Company as sole survivor. See ”Amerant Florida Merger” for more details.


10. Junior Subordinated Debentures Held by Trust Subsidiaries
The following table provides information on the outstanding Trust Preferred Securities issued by, and the junior subordinated debentures issued to, each of the statutory trust subsidiaries as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Amount of
Trust
Preferred
Securities
Issued by
Trust		Principal
Amount of
Debenture
Issued to
Trust		Amount of
Trust
Preferred
Securities
Issued by
Trust		Principal
Amount of
Debenture
Issued to
Trust		Year of
Issuance		Annual Rate of Trust
Preferred Securities
and Debentures		Year of
Maturity
Commercebank Capital Trust VI$9,250 $9,537 $9,250 $9,537 2002
3-M LIBOR + 3.35%
2033
Commercebank Capital Trust VII8,000 8,248 8,000 8,248 2003
3-M LIBOR + 3.25%
2033
Commercebank Capital Trust VIII5,000 5,155 5,000 5,155 2004
3-M LIBOR + 2.85%
2034
Commercebank Capital Trust IX25,000 25,774 25,000 25,774 2006
3-M LIBOR + 1.75%
2038
Commercebank Capital Trust X15,000 15,464 15,000 15,464 2006
3-M LIBOR + 1.78%
2036
$62,250 $64,178 $62,250 $64,178 
LIBOR Cessation and Expected Replacement Rate

The Trust Preferred Securities and the Debentures issued by the Company include calculations that are based on 3-month LIBOR. On March 15, 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (the “LIBOR Act”) was signed into law. Under the LIBOR Act, on the first London banking day after June 30, 2023 (the “LIBOR Replacement Date”), a benchmark replacement recommended by the Federal Reserve will replace LIBOR in certain contracts, including those that contain no fallback provisions and other related aspects. The Federal Reserve issued its final regulations under the LIBOR Act. The final regulations: (i) address the applicability of the LIBOR Act to various LIBOR contracts, which include the Trust Preferred Securities and the Debentures, (ii) identify the benchmark replacements, (iii) include certain benchmark replacement conforming changes, (iv) address the issue of preemption and (v) provide other clarifications, definitions and information.
Based on a review of the Trust Preferred Securities and the Debentures documents, these documents do not provide a replacement rate for 3-month LIBOR or include other fallback provisions which would apply on the LIBOR Replacement Date. Based on the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority’s current statements, it does not appear that a synthetic LIBOR benchmark will be applicable to the Trust Preferred Securities and Debentures. Accordingly, absent an amendment to the Trust Preferred Securities and Debenture documents, some other change in applicable law, rule, regulation, or some other development, on and after the LIBOR Replacement Date, 3-month CME term SOFR or 6-month CME Term SOFR (as defined in the regulations) as adjusted by the relevant spread adjustment of 0.26161%, shall be the benchmark replacement for 3-month LIBOR in the Trust Preferred Securities and Debentures documents, and all applicable benchmark replacement conforming changes as specified in the regulations will become an integral part of the Trust Preferred Securities and Debenture documents, without any action by any party. The Company will not seek to amend the Trust Preferred Securities and Debentures documents to reflect any other LIBOR benchmark replacement.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
11.Derivative Instruments
At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments were as follows:
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands)
Other Assets
Other Liabilities
Other Assets
Other Liabilities
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges$44 $193 $167 $45 
Interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments:
Customers1,602 49,427 603 66,439 
Third party broker49,427 1,602 66,439 603 
51,029 51,029 67,042 67,042 
Interest rate caps not designated as hedging instruments:
Customers— 7,917 — 10,002 
Third party broker8,047 — 10,207 — 
8,047 7,917 10,207 10,002 
Mortgage derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
  Interest rate lock commitments1,712 — 727 — 
   Forward contracts— 317 107 71 
1,712 317 834 71 
$60,832 $59,456 $78,250 $77,160 

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company enters into interest rate swap contracts which the Company designates and qualifies as cash flow hedges. These interest rate swaps are designed as cash flow hedges to manage the exposure that arises from differences in the amount of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and the known or expected cash payments on designated debt instruments. These interest rate swap contracts involve the Company’s payment of fixed-rate amounts in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the contracts without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had five interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts totaling $64.2 million maturing in the third and fourth quarters of 2025. These contracts were designated as cash flow hedges to manage the exposure of variable rate interest payments on all of the Company’s outstanding variable-rate junior subordinated debentures with principal amounts at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaling $64.2 million. The Company expects these interest rate swaps to be highly effective in offsetting the effects of changes in interest rates on cash flows associated with the Company’s variable-rate junior subordinated debentures. The Company recognized unrealized gains of $15 thousand and unrealized losses of $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to these interest rate swap contracts. These unrealized losses were included as part of interest expense on junior subordinated debentures in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. As of March 31, 2023, the estimated net unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be reclassified into expense in the next twelve months amounted to $0.5 million.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

In 2019, the Company terminated 16 interest rate swaps that had been designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate interest payments on the outstanding and expected rollover of variable-rate advances from the FHLB. The Company is recognizing the contracts’ cumulative net unrealized gains of $8.9 million in earnings over the remaining original life of the terminated interest rate swaps ranging between one month and seven years. The Company recognized approximately $0.3 million in each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as a reduction of interest expense on FHLB advances as a result of this amortization.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Interest Rate Swaps
At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had 141 and 143 interest rate swap contracts with customers, respectively, with total notional amounts of $905.6 million and $925.4 million, respectively. These instruments involve the Company’s payment of variable-rate amounts to customers in exchange for the Company receiving fixed-rate payments from customers over the life of the contracts without exchange of the underlying notional amount. In addition, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had interest rate swap mirror contracts with third party brokers with similar terms.

The Company enters into swap participation agreements with other financial institutions to manage the credit risk exposure on certain interest rate swaps with customers. Under these agreements, the Company, as the beneficiary or guarantor, will receive or make payments from/to the counterparty if the borrower defaults on the related interest rate swap contract. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had four swap participation agreements with total notional amounts of approximately $73.8 million and $74.0 million, respectively. The notional amount of these agreements is based on the Company’s pro-rata share of the related interest rate swap contracts. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of swap participation agreements was not significant.
Interest Rate Caps

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had 16 and 19 interest rate cap contracts with customers with total notional amounts of $384.5 million and $448.8 million, respectively. These instruments involve the Company making payments if an interest rate exceeds the agreed strike price. In addition, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had 14 and 16 interest rate cap mirror contracts, respectively, with a third party broker with total notional amounts of $332.4 million and $371.9 million, respectively.

In April 2022, the Company entered into 4 interest rate cap contracts with various third-party brokers with total notional amounts of $140.0 million. These interest rate caps initially served to partially offset changes in the estimated fair value of interest rate cap contracts with customers at `December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 2 and 4 interest rate cap contracts, respectively, with total notional amounts of $70.0 million and $140.0 million, respectively, in connection with this transaction.


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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Mortgage Derivatives

The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts to manage the risk exposure in the mortgage banking area. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had interest rate lock commitments with notional amounts of $145.4 million and $77.0 million, respectively, and forward contracts with notional amounts of $33.5 million and $17.0 million, respectively. Interest rate lock commitments guarantee the funding of residential mortgage loans originated for sale, at specified interest rates and times in the future. Forward sale contracts consist of commitments to deliver mortgage loans, originated and/or purchased, in the secondary market at a future date. The change in the fair value of these instruments was an unrealized gain of $0.6 million and $0.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts were recorded as part of other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.


Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the aggregate fair value of interest rate swaps in a liability position was $51.2 million and $67.1 million, respectively.

Some agreements may require pledging of securities when the valuation of a interest rate swap falls below a certain amount. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $0.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in debt securities held for sale pledged as collateral to secure interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges, with a fair value of $0.2 million and $45 thousand, respectively. Additionally, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cash held as collateral of $31.9 million and $41.6 million, respectively, for derivatives margin calls. See Note 2 “Interest Earning Deposits with Banks” for additional information about cash held as collateral. As of March 31, 2023, there were no collateral requirements related to interest rate swaps with third-party brokers not designated as hedging instruments.

12.Leases
The Company leases certain premises and equipment under operating leases. The leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than one year to 43 years, some of which have renewal options reasonably certain to be exercised and, therefore, have been reflected in the total lease term and used for the calculation of minimum payments required. The Company had $0.5 million and $0.4 million in variable lease payments during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which include mostly common area maintenance and taxes, included in occupancy and equipment on the consolidated statements of income. In addition, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $0.5 million of right of use (“ROU”) asset impairment charges associated with the closure of a branch in Houston, Texas in 2023. This impairment was recorded as occupancy and equipment expense on the consolidated statements of income.
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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Lease costs for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
(in thousands)
Three months ended March 31,
20232022
Lease cost
Operating lease cost$4,506 $4,362 
Short-term lease cost— 22 
Variable lease cost532 447 
Sublease income (1)(865)(771)
Total lease cost, net$4,173 $4,060 
_______________
(1)Primarily in connection with the subleasing of portions of the Company’s headquarters building and, to a lesser extent, the sublease of the New York office space.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had a ROU asset of $119.5 million and $140.0 million and total operating lease liability of $125.4 million and $145.3 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had a short-term lease liability of $3.2 million and $5.2 million, respectively, included as part of other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
The following table provides supplemental information to leases as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended for March 31,
20232022
(in thousands, except weighted average data)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities4,077 3,640 
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases17.7 years19.0 years
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases9.71 %5.93 %


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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents a maturity analysis and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 for the remaining 9 months of 2023 and thereafter:

(in thousands)
For the remaining nine months of 2023$10,532 
202414,206 
202514,297 
202614,515 
202714,814 
Thereafter201,086 
Total minimum payments required269,450 
Less: implied interest(144,029)
Total lease obligations$125,421 


The Company provides equipment financing under direct or sale type finance leases. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $2.2 million and $13.6 million, respectively, in direct or sale type finance leases included as part of loans held for investment, gross in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, and included as part of commercial loans in our loan portfolio held for investment.

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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
13.Stock-based Incentive Compensation Plan
The Company sponsors the 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2018 Equity Plan”). See Note 14 to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Form 10-K for more information on the 2018 Equity Plan, the Long-Term Incentive (LTI) Plan and stock-based compensation awards for the year ended December 31, 2022, including restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”).
Restricted Stock Awards
The following table shows the activity of restricted stock awards during the three months ended March 31, 2023:
Number of restricted sharesWeighted-average grant date fair value
Non-vested shares, beginning of year295,076 $25.83 
Granted10,440 27.42 
Vested(81,256)23.18 
Forfeited(1,394)24.94 
Non-vested shares at March 31, 2023222,866 $26.88 

In the first quarter of 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 10,440 RSAs to various employees, under the LTI Plan. The fair value of the RSAs granted was based on the market price of the shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at the grant date which averaged $27.42 per RSA. These RSAs will vest in three equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date.
The Company recorded compensation expense related to the RSAs of $1.0 million and $0.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total unamortized deferred compensation expense of $3.0 million for all unvested restricted stock outstanding at March 31, 2023 will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units
The following table shows the activity of RSUs and PSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2023:
Stock-settled RSUsStock-settled PSUs
Number of RSUsWeighted-average grant date fair valueNumber of PSUsWeighted-average grant date fair value
Non-vested, beginning of year123,970 $22.83 137,199 $17.43 
Granted113,297 28.93 38,049 28.93 
Vested(46,731)20.29 (10,442)19.00 
Forfeited(5,870)25.11 (2,867)33.63 
Non-vested, at March 31, 2023184,666 $27.14 161,939 $19.74 


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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
On February 16, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 113,297 RSUs to various executive officers under the LTI Plan. The fair value of the RSUs granted was based on the market price of the shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at the grant date which was $28.93 per RSU. These RSUs will vest in three equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date.

On February 16, 2023, the Company granted a target of 38,049 PSUs to various executive officers under the LTI Plan. These PSUs generally vest at the end of a three-year performance period, but only result in the issuance of shares of Class A common stock if the Company achieves a performance target. The Company used an option pricing model to estimate fair value of the PSUs granted which was $29.11 per PSU.

The Company recorded compensation expense related to RSUs and PSUs of $0.8 million and $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total unamortized deferred compensation expense of $5.5 million for all unvested stock-settled RSUs and PSUs outstanding at March 31, 2023 will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

Subsequent Event

On April 17, 2023, the Company granted an aggregate of 29,420 RSUs, including 20,356 RSUs in connection with a sign-on grant and 9,064 RSUs under the LTI, and a target of 9,064 PSUs under the LTI to a new executive management committee member.



14.Income Taxes
The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate method in computing its interim tax provision. This effective tax rate is based on forecasted annual consolidated pre-tax income, permanent tax differences and statutory tax rates. Under this method, the tax effect of certain items that do not meet the definition of ordinary income or expense are computed and recognized as discrete items when they occur.
The effective combined federal and state tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were 21.00% and 21.10%, respectively. Effective tax rates differ from the statutory rates mainly due to the impact of forecasted permanent non-taxable interest and other income, forecasted permanent non-deductible expenses, and the effect of corporate state taxes.

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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
15.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive (loss) Income (“AOCL/AOCI”):
The components of AOCL/AOCI are summarized as follows using applicable blended average federal and state tax rates for each period:
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Before Tax
Amount		Tax
Effect		Net of Tax
Amount		Before Tax
Amount		Tax
Effect		Net of Tax
Amount
Net unrealized holding (losses) gains on debt securities available for sale $(102,851)$26,259 $(76,592)$(111,957)$28,605 $(83,352)
Net unrealized holding gains on interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges
3,059 (786)2,273 3,659 (942)$2,717 
Total (AOCL) AOCI$(99,792)$25,473 $(74,319)$(108,298)$27,663 $(80,635)
The components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented are summarized as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(in thousands)Before Tax
Amount		Tax
Effect		Net of Tax
Amount		Before Tax
Amount		Tax
Effect		Net of Tax
Amount
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale:
Change in fair value arising during the period$8,243 $(2,126)$6,117 $(52,993)$13,356 $(39,637)
Reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) included in net income863 (220)643 (49)13 (36)
9,106 (2,346)6,760 (53,042)13,369 (39,673)
Net unrealized holding (losses) gains on interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges:
Change in fair value arising during the period(256)68 (188)244 (120)124 
Reclassification adjustment for net interest income included in net income (344)88 (256)(124)32 (92)
(600)156 (444)120 (88)32 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)$8,506 $(2,190)$6,316 $(52,922)$13,281 $(39,641)





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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
16.    Contingencies
From time to time the Company and its subsidiaries may be exposed to loss contingencies. In the ordinary, course of business, those contingencies may include, known but unasserted claims, and legal/regulatory inquiries or examinations. The Company records these loss contingencies as a liability when the likehood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. In the opinion of management, the Company maintains a liability that is in an estimated amount sufficient to cover said loss contingencies, if any, at the reporting dates.
Financial instruments whose contract amount represents off-balance sheet credit risk at March 31, 2023 are generally short-term and are as follows:
(in thousands)Approximate
Contract
Amount
Commitments to extend credit$1,208,897 
Standby letters of credit29,965 
Commercial letters of credit606 
$1,239,468 
The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

(in thousands)Allowance for Contingency Losses
Balances at beginning of the year$1,702 
Provision for credit losses300 
Balances at March 31, 2023$2,002 
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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
17.    Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
March 31, 2023
(in thousands)
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Third-Party
Models with
Observable
Market
Inputs
(Level 2)		Internal
Models
with
Unobservable
Market
Inputs
(Level 3)		Total
Carrying
Value in the
Consolidated
Balance
Sheet
Assets
Securities
Debt securities available for sale
U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities
$— $434,989 $— $434,989 
Corporate debt securities
— 268,267 — 268,267 
U.S. government agency debt securities
— 332,171 — 332,171 
Collateralized loan obligations4,845 4,845 
Municipal bonds
— 1,673 — 1,673 
U.S treasury securities— 3,938 — 3,938 
— 1,045,883 — 1,045,883 
Mortgage loans held for sale (at fair value)— 65,289 — 65,289 
Bank owned life insurance
— 229,824 — 229,824 
Other assets
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)— — 1,429 1,429 
Derivative instruments
— 60,832 — 60,832 
$— $1,401,828 $1,429 $1,403,257 
Liabilities
Other liabilities
Derivative instruments
$— $59,456 $— $59,456 

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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Third-Party
Models with
Observable
Market
Inputs
(Level 2)		Internal
Models
with
Unobservable
Market
Inputs
(Level 3)		Total
Carrying
Value in the
Consolidated
Balance
Sheet
Assets
Securities
Debt securities available for sale
U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities
$— $437,674 $— $437,674 
Corporate debt securities
— 280,700 — 280,700 
U.S. government agency debt securities
— 330,821 — 330,821 
Collateralized loan obligations— 4,774 — 4,774 
U.S treasury securities— 1,996 — 1,996 
Municipal bonds
— 1,656 — 1,656 
— 1,057,621 — 1,057,621 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values not held for trading11,383 — — 11,383 
11,383 1,057,621 — 1,069,004 
Mortgage loans held for sale (at fair value)— 62,438 — 62,438 
Bank owned life insurance— 228,412 — 228,412 
Other assets
Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)— — 1,307 1,307 
Derivative instruments— 78,250 — 78,250 
$11,383 $1,426,721 $1,307 $1,439,411 
Liabilities
Other liabilities
Derivative instruments$— $77,160 $— $77,160 

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Amerant Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The following tables present the major categories of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
March 31, 2023
(in thousands)Carrying AmountQuoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)		Total Impairments
Description
Loans held for investment measured for impairments using the fair value of the collateral$12,655 $— $— $12,655 $— 
Other Real Estate Owned (1)20,181 — — 20,181 — 
Repossessed assets6,353 — — 6,353 — 
$39,189 $— $— $39,189 $— 
_______________
(1)Consists of commercial real estate property.
December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Carrying AmountQuoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)		Total Impairments
Description
Loans held for investment measured for impairments using the fair value of the collateral$30,158 $— $— $30,158 $3,851 

The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Financial InstrumentUnobservable InputsValuation MethodsDiscount RangeTypical Discount
Collateral dependent loansDiscount to fair valueAppraisal value, as adjusted
0-30%
6-7%
Inventory
0-100%
30-50%
Accounts receivables
0-100%
20-30%
Equipment
0-100%
20-30%
Other Real Estate OwnedDiscount to fair valueAppraisal value, as adjustedN/A
6-7%

There were no other significant assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Collateral Dependent Loans Measured For Expected Credit Losses

The carrying amount of collateral dependent loans is typically based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Company primarily uses third party appraisals to assist in measuring expected credit losses on collateral dependent loans. The Company also uses third party appraisal reviewers for loans with an outstanding balance of $1 million and above. These appraisals generally use the market or income approach valuation technique and use market observable data to formulate an opinion of the fair value of the loan’s collateral. However, the appraiser uses professional judgment in determining the fair value of the collateral or properties and may also adjust these values for changes in market conditions subsequent to the appraisal date. When current appraisals are not available for certain loans, the Company uses judgment on market conditions to adjust the most current appraisal. The sales prices may reflect prices of sales contracts not closed and the amount of time required to sell out the real estate project may be derived from current appraisals of similar projects. As a consequence, the fair value of the collateral is considered a Level 3 valuation.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) and Repossessed Assets

The Company values OREO at the lower of cost or fair value of the property, less cost to sell. The fair value of the property is generally based upon recent appraisal values of the property, less cost to sell. The Company primarily uses third party appraisals to assist in measuring the valuation of OREO. Period revaluations are classified as level 3 as the assumptions used may not be observable. The fair value of non-real estate repossessed assets is provided by a third party based on their assumptions and quoted market prices for similar assets, when available.

The Company had no OREO or repossessed asset balances as of December 31, 2022.


Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The estimated fair value of financial instruments where fair value differs from carrying value are as follows:
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Carrying
Value		Estimated
Fair
Value		Carrying
Value		Estimated
Fair
Value
Financial assets:
Debt securities held to maturity$239,258 $218,388 $242,101 $217,609 
Loans3,408,518 3,287,940 3,314,553 3,181,696 
Financial liabilities:
Time deposits1,204,301 1,188,807 1,119,510 1,099,294 
Advances from the FHLB1,052,012 1,048,376 906,486 873,852 
Senior notes59,289 59,012 59,210 58,755 
Subordinated notes29,326 28,481 29,284 28,481 
Junior subordinated debentures64,178 63,111 64,178 64,182 
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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

18.Earnings Per Share
The following table shows the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share data and per share amounts)20232022 (1)
Numerator:
Net income before attribution of noncontrolling interest (1)$19,942 $14,303 
Noncontrolling interest(244)(1,076)
Net income attributable to Amerant Bancorp Inc. (1)$20,186 $15,379 
Net income available to common stockholders (1)$20,186 $15,379 
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding33,559,718 34,819,984 
Dilutive effect of share-based compensation awards296,276 294,059 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding33,855,994 35,114,043 
Basic earnings per common share (1)$0.60 $0.44 
Diluted earnings per common share (1)$0.60 $0.44 
_______________
(1)Amounts reflect the impact of the adoption of CECL effective as of January 1, 2022. See Note 1 “Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, potential dilutive instruments consisted of unvested shares of restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs totaling 509,307 and 526,755, respectively. In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, potential dilutive instruments were included in the diluted earnings per share computation because, when the unamortized deferred compensation cost related to these shares was divided by the average market price per share in those periods, fewer shares would have been purchased than restricted shares assumed issued. Therefore, in those periods, such awards resulted in higher diluted weighted average shares outstanding than basic weighted average shares outstanding, and had a dilutive effect in per share earnings.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis is designed to provide a better understanding of various factors related to Amerant Bancorp Inc.’s (the “Company,” “Amerant,” “our” or “we”) results of operations and financial condition and its wholly and partially owned subsidiaries, including its principal subsidiary, Amerant Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”). The Bank has three operating subsidiaries, Amerant Investments, Inc., a securities broker-dealer (“Amerant Investments”), Amerant Mortgage, LLC (“Amerant Mortgage”), a majority-owned mortgage lending company domiciled in Florida, and Elant Bank & Trust, a Grand-Cayman based trust company (the “Cayman Bank”).
This discussion is intended to supplement and highlight information contained in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Form 10-Q”), as well as the information contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”).

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Various of the statements made in this Form 10-Q, including information incorporated herein by reference to other documents, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of, and subject to, the protections of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance and condition, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may be beyond our control, and which may cause the actual results, performance, achievements, or financial condition of the Company to be materially different from future results, performance, achievements, or financial condition expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. You should not expect us to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. These forward-looking statements should be read together with the “Risk Factors” included in the 2022 Form 10-K and in this Form 10-Q, and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through our use of words such as “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “seek,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “consider”, “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “point to,” “project,” “could,” “intend,” “target” and other similar words and expressions of the future. These forward-looking statements may not be realized due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation:
•Liquidity risks could affect our operations and jeopardize our financial condition and certain funding sources could increase our interest rate expense;
•We may not be able to develop and maintain a strong core deposit base or other low-cost funding sources;
•We may elect or be compelled to seek additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when it is needed or on acceptable terms and, as a result, our ability to expand our operations could be materially impaired;
•Our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries could affect our liquidity and our ability to pay dividends;
•Our profitability is subject to interest rate risk;
•Our allowance for credit losses may prove inadequate and our business, financial condition and profitability may suffer;
•Our concentration of CRE loans could result in increased loan losses, and adversely affect our business, earnings, and financial condition;
•Many of our loans are to commercial borrowers, which have unique risks compared to other types of loans;
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•Our valuation of securities and the determination of credit impairment in our investment securities portfolio are subjective and, if changed, could materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition;
•Nonperforming and similar assets take significant time to resolve and may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition;
•We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities;
•Deterioration in the real estate markets, including the secondary market for residential mortgage loans, can adversely affect us;
•We may not effectively manage risks associated with the replacement of LIBOR as a reference rate;
•Many of our major systems depend on and are operated by third-party vendors, and any systems failures or interruptions could adversely affect our operations and the services we provide to our customers;
•Our information systems are exposed to cybersecurity threats and may experience interruptions and security breaches that could adversely affect our business and reputation;
•Our strategic plan and growth strategy may not be achieved as quickly or as fully as we seek;
•Defaults by or deteriorating asset quality of other financial institutions could adversely affect us;
•New lines of business, new products and services, or strategic project initiatives may subject us to additional risks;
•We may not have the ability or resources to keep pace with rapid technological changes in the financial services industry or implement new technology effectively;
•Conditions in Venezuela could adversely affect our operations;
•Our ability to achieve our environmental, social and governance goals are subject to risks, many of which are outside of our control, and our reputation could be harmed if we fail to meet such goals;
•We may be unable to attract and retain key people to support our business;
•Severe weather, natural disasters, global pandemics, acts of war or terrorism, theft, civil unrest, government expropriation or other external events could have significant effects on our business;
•Any failure to protect the confidentiality of customer information could adversely affect our reputation and subject us to financial sanctions and other costs that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;
•We could be required to write down our goodwill;
•We have a net deferred tax asset that may or may not be fully realized;
•We may incur losses due to minority investments in fintech and specialty finance companies;
•We are subject to risks associated with sub-leasing portions of our corporate headquarters building;
•Our success depends on our ability to compete effectively in highly competitive markets;
•Potential gaps in our risk management policies and internal audit procedures may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could negatively affect our business;
•Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could impair the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business, impair investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and our access to the capital markets and cause the price of our common stock to decline and subject us to regulatory penalties;
•Material and negative developments adversely impacting the financial services industry at large and causing volatility in financial markets and the economy may have materially adverse effects on our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations;
•Our business activities, results of operations and financial condition are subject to adverse effects from the outbreak and spread of contagious diseases such as COVID-19, which adverse effects may continue;
•Our business may be adversely affected by economic conditions in general and by conditions in the financial markets;
•We are subject to extensive regulation that could limit or restrict our activities and adversely affect our earnings;
•Litigation and regulatory investigations are increasingly common in our businesses and may result in significant financial losses and/or harm to our reputation;
•We are subject to capital adequacy and liquidity standards, and if we fail to meet these standards our financial condition and operations would be adversely affected;
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•Increases in FDIC deposit insurance premiums and assessments could adversely affect our financial condition;
•Federal banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including our compliance with laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with any regulatory actions, if any, could adversely impact us;
•The Federal Reserve may require us to commit capital resources to support the Bank;
•We may face higher risks of noncompliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations than other financial institutions;
•Failures to comply with the fair lending laws, CFPB regulations or the Community Reinvestment Act, or CRA, could adversely affect us;
•Certain of our existing shareholders could exert significant control over the Company;
•The rights of our common shareholders are subordinate to the holders of any debt securities that we have issued or may issue from time to time;
•The stock price of financial institutions, like Amerant, may fluctuate significantly;
•We have the ability to issue additional equity securities, which would lead to dilution of our issued and outstanding Class A common stock;
•Certain provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, Florida law, and U.S. banking laws could have anti-takeover effects;
•We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our debt, including the Senior Notes, the Subordinated Notes and the Debentures;
•We are a holding company with limited operations and depend on our subsidiaries for the funds required to make payments of principal and interest on the Senior Notes, Subordinated Notes and the Debentures;
•We may incur a substantial level of debt that could materially adversely affect our ability to generate sufficient cash to fulfill our obligations under the Senior Notes, the Subordinated Notes and the Debentures; and
•The other factors and information included in the 2022 Form 10-K and other filings that we make with the SEC under the Exchange Act and Securities Act. See “Risk Factors” in the 2022 Form 10-K, and this Form 10-Q.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in the 2022 Form 10-K. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future financial condition, results, performance or achievements, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results of operations. You should not rely on any forward-looking statements as predictions of future events.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update, revise or correct any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law. All written or oral forward-looking statements that are made by us or are attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice, together with those risks and uncertainties described in “Risk Factors” in the 2022 Form 10-K, in this Form 10-Q, and in our other filings with the SEC, which are available at the SEC’s website www.sec.gov.

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OVERVIEW

Our Company
We are a bank holding company headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida. We provide individuals and businesses a comprehensive array of deposit, credit, investment, wealth management, retail banking, mortgage services, and fiduciary services. We serve customers in our United States markets and select international customers. These services are offered through Amerant Bank, N.A, or the Bank, which is also headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida, and its subsidiaries. Fiduciary, investment, wealth management and mortgage services are provided by the Bank, the Bank’s securities broker-dealer, Amerant Investments Inc., or Amerant Investments, the Bank’s Grand-Cayman based trust company, Elant Bank & Trust Ltd., or the Cayman Bank, and Amerant Mortgage, LLC. or Amerant Mortgage. The Bank’s primary markets are South Florida, where we are headquartered and operate sixteen banking centers in Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, and Houston, Texas, where we operate seven banking centers that serve the nearby areas of Harris, Montgomery, Fort Bend and Waller counties. In addition, we have a loan production office (“LPO”) in Tampa, Florida.
The Bank intends to open several additional banking centers in 2023 and has obtained OCC approval to proceed with each location. The Bank intends to open new locations in Tampa, FL, Key Biscayne, FL, downtown Miami, FL, and Fort Lauderdale, FL.
Business Developments
For more information on the progress of our strategic initiatives in 2022, see Item 1. Business section included in the 2022 Form 10-K.
Progress on our Strategic Initiatives

The Company is dedicated to finding new ways to increase efficiencies and profitable growth across the Company while simultaneously providing an enhanced banking experience for customers. Below is a summary of actions taken by the Company in the first three months of 2023:

Growing our core deposits. The loan to deposit ratio at March 31, 2023 was 97.64% compared to 98.23% at December 31, 2022. The ratio of non-interest bearing deposits to total deposits ratio was 18.67% at March 31, 2023 compared to 19.42% at December 31, 2022, which reflects growing consumer and business awareness of the rising interest rates and seeking better returns.
Provide a superior customer experience. During the first quarter of 2023, we launched a new Amerant website which provides improved user experience with enhanced navigation and ease of access to information across all device types. In addition, the FIS conversion date has been moved from mid-May 2023 to mid-July 2023 to provide greater digital experience for consumers.
Improving Amerant's brand awareness. Our campaign "Imagine a Bank", which we launched in the fourth quarter of 2021, continues in 2023 with greater emphasis on our partnerships with sports teams across South Florida, which includes the Miami Heat, the Florida Panthers and the University of Miami Hurricanes. We also continued to focus on raising brand awareness through impactful campaigns, such as out-of-home advertising and various campaigns via social media and public relations.

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Lines of business and geographies. During the first quarter of 2023, we signed a five-year lease for our first banking center in Tampa with an estimated opening in the fourth quarter of 2023. The opening of the branch will transition our Tampa operations from an LPO to a full-service bank. A full-service branch in Key Biscayne, which received regulatory approval in September 2022, is scheduled to open in the second quarter of 2023. A new branch in downtown Miami, which received regulatory approval in October 2021, is expected to open in late 2023. Lastly, our new branch in downtown Ft. Lauderdale, FL, which received regulatory approval in December 2022, is also expected to open in late 2023. In addition, we will be closing our location on FM 1960 Rd. in Houston in the second quarter of 2023.
We opened our new operations center in Miramar, Florida during the first quarter of 2023. This reduced the size of our operations center by approximately 42,000 square feet from 100,000 square feet to approximately 58,000 square feet at our new location, and our annual rental expense will decrease by nearly $1 million. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company ended its pre-existing lease agreement on its former operations center.
During the first quarter of 2023, we optimized our international banking structure with the intent to drive favorable core deposit growth. The previously separate groups of international retail, private and commercial banking are now reporting to a single leader dedicated to solely focus on growing international deposits. We also continued to add key personnel in Amerant Mortgage and business development personnel at the Bank. In addition, we recruited two executives for the existing open positions for a new Head of Commercial Banking and a new Houston market president. Amerant Mortgage grew its national footprint with the addition beginning early in the quarter of a Midwest hub, adding business development personnel in the quarter to generate conforming mortgages for sale into the secondary market. This growth resulted in the recognition of $1.0 million to preliminary goodwill. The final purchase price allocation, which will adjust goodwill, is expected to be finalized by December 31, 2023.
Lastly, in April 2023, we merged the business banking group with the retail banking group as part of our ongoing efforts to streamline our organizational structure.
Improve operational efficiency. The Company continues to work on optimizing its operating structure to support its business activities. In the first quarter of 2023, staff reduction costs include severance expenses, mainly related to severance expenses in connection with employment terminations and changes in certain positions. With respect to our balance sheet composition, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 the Company repaid $871.7 million in FHLB advances, which includes early repayment of $565 million. In addition, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company borrowed $1.0 billion in FHLB advances. These activities are part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategies intended to maximize value on its assets and liabilities.

Integrate Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) into our DNA. In the first quarter of 2023, we finalized our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2022, which is now available on Amerant’s investor relations website. As part of our efforts in the first quarter of 2023, we completed a series of initiatives intended to continue moving forward with our ESG program. Those activities included: i) integration of ESG factors into our procurement and third party, strategic and reputational risk frameworks; ii) completed management succession and development plans for all management roles reporting to the Company’s CEO, and continued with other levels; iii) base-lining scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions, defining long-term carbon emission targets and purchasing green-house gas emission offsets to reach carbon neutrality in 2022, among other environmentally-friendly initiatives.
In addition, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased 22,403 shares of Class A common stock under the $25 million share repurchase program. Lastly, the Company appointed a new independent director, Ashaki Rucker, who officially joined the Board of Directors effective April 17, 2023.
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Primary Factors Used to Evaluate Our Business

Results of Operations. In addition to net income or loss, the primary factors we use to evaluate and manage our results of operations include net interest income, noninterest income and expenses, and indicators of financial performance including return on assets (“ROA”) and return on equity (“ROE”). We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures in the internal evaluation and management of our businesses.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income represents interest income less interest expense. We generate interest income from interest, dividends and fees received on interest-earning assets, including loans and investment securities we own. We incur interest expense from interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, including interest-bearing deposits, and borrowings such as FHLB advances and other borrowings such as repurchase agreements, notes, debentures and other funding sources we may have from time to time. Net interest income typically is the most significant contributor to our revenues and net income. To evaluate net interest income, we measure and monitor: (i) yields on our loans and other interest-earning assets; (ii) the costs of our deposits and other funding sources; (iii) our net interest spread; (iv) our net interest margin, or NIM; and (v) our provisions for credit losses. Net interest spread is the difference between rates earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. NIM is calculated by dividing net interest income for the period by average interest-earning assets during that same period. Because noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity, also fund interest-earning assets, NIM includes the benefit of these noninterest-bearing sources of funds. Non-refundable loan origination fees, net of direct costs of originating loans, as well as premiums or discounts paid on loan purchases, are deferred and recognized over the life of the related loan as an adjustment to interest income in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Changes in market interest rates and the interest we earn on interest-earning assets, or which we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the volumes and the types of interest-earning assets, interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing liabilities and stockholders’ equity, usually have the largest impact on periodic changes in our net interest spread, NIM and net interest income. We measure net interest income before and after the provision for loan losses.

Noninterest Income. Noninterest income consists of, among other revenue streams: (i) service fees on deposit accounts; (ii) income from brokerage, advisory and fiduciary activities; (iii) benefits from and changes in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance, or BOLI, policies; (iv) card and trade finance servicing fees; (v) securities gains or losses; (vi) net gains and losses on early extinguishment of FHLB advances; (vii) income from derivative transaction with customers; (viii) derivative gains or losses; (ix) gains or losses on the sale of properties; and (x) other noninterest income which includes mortgage banking revenue.

Our income from service fees on deposit accounts is affected primarily by the volume, growth and mix of deposits we hold and volume of transactions initiated by customers (i.e. wire transfers). These are affected by prevailing market pricing of deposit services, interest rates, our marketing efforts and other factors.

Our income from brokerage, advisory and fiduciary activities consists of brokerage commissions related to our customers’ trading volume, fiduciary and investment advisory fees generally based on a percentage of the average value of assets under management and custody (“AUM”), and account administrative services and ancillary fees during the contractual period.

Income from changes in the cash surrender value of our BOLI policies represents the amounts that may be realized under the contracts with the insurance carriers, which are nontaxable.

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Interchange fees, other fees and revenue sharing are recognized when earned. Trade finance servicing fees, which primarily include commissions on letters of credit, are generally recognized over the service period on a straight line basis. Card servicing fees include credit and debit card interchange fees and other fees. We have also entered into referral arrangements with recognized U.S.-based card issuers, which permit us to serve our customers and earn referral fees and share interchange revenue without exposure to credit risk.
Our gains and losses on sales of securities are derived from sales from our securities portfolio and are primarily dependent on changes in U.S. Treasury interest rates and asset liability management activities. Generally, as U.S. Treasury rates increase, our securities portfolio decreases in market value, and as U.S. Treasury rates decrease, our securities portfolio increases in value. We also recognize unrealized gains or losses on changes in the valuation of marketable equity securities not held for trading.

Our fee income generated on customer interest rate swaps and other loan level derivatives are primarily dependent on volume of transactions completed with customers and are included in noninterest income.

In the first quarters of 2023 and 2022, derivatives unrealized net gains of $14 thousand and unrealized net losses of $1.3 million, respectively, were primarily derived from changes in market value of uncovered interest rate caps with clients.

Other noninterest income includes mortgage banking income related to Amerant Mortgage, which consists of gain on sale of loans, gain on loans market valuation, other fees and smaller sources of income. Mortgage banking income was $1.8 million and $0.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expenses generally increase as our business grows and whenever necessary to implement or enhance policies and procedures for regulatory compliance, and other purposes.

Noninterest expense consists of: (i) salaries and employee benefits; (ii) occupancy and equipment expenses; (iii) professional and other services fees; (iv) loan-level derivative expenses; (v) FDIC deposit and business insurance assessments and premiums; (vi) telecommunication and data processing expenses; (vii) depreciation and amortization; (viii) advertising and marketing expenses; and (xi) other operating expenses. In addition, in the three months ended March 31, 2022, noninterest expenses included: (i) estimated contract termination costs associated with third party vendors resulting from the Company’s transition to our new technology provider; and (ii) a valuation allowance of $0.5 million related to the change in fair value of New York loans held for sale.

Salaries and employee benefits include compensation (including severance expenses), employee benefits and employer tax expenses for our personnel. Salaries and employee benefits are partially offset by costs directly related to the origination of loans, which are deferred and amortized over the life of the related loans as adjustments to interest income in accordance with GAAP.

Occupancy expense includes lease expense on our leased properties and other occupancy-related expenses. Equipment expense includes furniture, fixtures and equipment related expenses. Rental income, primarily associated with the subleasing of portions of the Company’s headquarters building and the subleasing of the New York office space, is included as a reduction to rent expense under lease agreements under occupancy and equipment cost.

Professional and other services fees include legal, accounting, consulting fees, internal audit fees, card processing fees, director’s fees, regulatory agency fees, such as OCC examination fees, and other fees related to our business operations.

Loan-level derivative expenses are incurred in back-to-back derivative transactions with commercial loan clients and with brokers. The Company pays a fee upon inception of the back-to-back derivative transactions, corresponding to the spread between a wholesale rate and a retail rate.

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Contract termination costs represent estimated expenses to terminate contracts before the end of their terms, and are recognized when the Company terminates a contract in accordance with its terms, generally considered the time when the Company gives written notice to the counterparty within the notification period contractually established. Contract termination costs also include expenses associated with the abandonment of existing capitalized projects which are no longer expected to be completed as a result of a contract termination. Changes to initial estimated expenses to terminate contracts resulting from revisions to timing or the amount of estimated cash flows are recognized in the period of the changes.

Advertising expenses include the costs of promoting the Amerant brand to create positive awareness, as well as the costs associated with promoting the Company’s products and services to promote consideration to buy the Company’s products and services. These costs include expenses to produce, deliver and communicate advertisements using available media and technologies, primarily streaming and other digital advertising platforms. Advertising expenses are expensed as incurred, except for media production costs which are expensed upon the first airing of the advertisement.

FDIC deposit and business insurance assessments and premiums include deposit insurance, net of any credits applied against these premiums, corporate liability and other business insurance premiums.

Telecommunication and data processing expenses include expenses paid to our third-party data processing system providers and other telecommunication and data service providers.

Depreciation and amortization expense includes the value associated with the depletion of the value on our owned properties and equipment, including leasehold improvements made to our leased properties.

Other operating expenses include community engagement and other operational expenses. Other operating expenses are partially offset by other operating expenses directly related to the origination of loans, which are deferred and amortized over the life of the related loans as adjustments to interest income in accordance with GAAP.

Noninterest expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 include salaries and employee benefits, mortgage lending costs and professional and other service fees in connection with Amerant Mortgage’s ongoing business.

Non-routine noninterest expense items include restructuring expenses and other non-routine noninterest expenses. Restructuring expenses are those incurred for actions designed to implement the Company’s strategic initiatives. These actions include, but are not limited to, reductions in workforce, streamlining operational processes, promoting the Amerant brand, implementation of new technology system applications, enhanced sales tools and training, expanded product offerings and improved customer analytics to identify opportunities. Other non-routine noninterest expenses include the effect of non-core banking activities such as the valuation of OREO and loans held for sale.

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The table below shows a detail of non-routine noninterest expenses for the periods presented.


Three Ended Months Ended March 31,

(in thousands)		20232022
Non-routine noninterest expense items
Restructuring costs:
Staff reduction costs (1)
$213 $765 
Contract termination costs (2)
— 4,012 
Legal and Consulting fees (3)
2,690 1,246 
Digital transformation expenses— 45 
Lease impairment charge (4)
469 14 
Branch closure expenses
— 33 
Total restructuring costs$3,372 $6,115 
Other non-routine noninterest expense items:
Loans held for sale valuation expense (5)
— 459 
Total non-routine noninterest expense items$3,372 $6,574 
____________
(1)    Staff reduction costs in the three months ended March 31, 2023 are mainly related to severance expenses in connection with employment terminations and changes in certain positions. Staff reduction costs in the three months ended March 31, 2022, were primarily related to severance expenses in connection with restructuring of business lines and the elimination of certain support functions.
(2)    Contract termination and related costs associated with third party vendors resulting from the engagement of our new technology provider.
(3) In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 includes expenses in connection with the engagement of FIS of $2.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, includes (i) $0.2 million in connection with certain search and recruitment expenses; and (ii) $0.1 million of costs associated with the subleasing of the New York office space.
(4) In the three months ended March 31, 2023, includes $0.5 million of right-of-use asset, or ROUA, impairment associated with the closure of a branch in Texas in 2023.
(5)    Fair value adjustment related to one OREO property in New York.


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Primary Factors Used to Evaluate Our Financial Condition
The primary factors we use to evaluate and manage our financial condition include asset quality, capital and liquidity.
Asset Quality. We manage the diversification and quality of our assets based upon factors that include the level, distribution and risks in each category of assets. Problem assets may be categorized as classified, delinquent, nonaccrual and nonperforming assets. We also manage the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses (“ACL”), or the allowance, the diversification and quality of loan and investment portfolios, the extent of counterparty risks, credit risk concentrations and other factors.
On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASC Topic 326 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. See Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Form 10-K and the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for more details on the adoption of CECL by the Company. We review and update our allowance for expected credit losses periodically to calibrate loss estimation models based on our loan volumes, and credit and economic conditions in our markets. The models may differ among our loan segments to reflect their different asset types, and includes qualitative factors, which are updated periodically based on the type of loan and other factors.

Capital. Financial institution regulators have established minimum capital ratios for banks and bank holding companies. We manage capital based upon factors that include: (i) the level and quality of capital and our overall financial condition; (ii) the trend and volume of problem assets; (iii) the adequacy of reserves; (iv) the level and quality of earnings; (v) the risk exposures in our balance sheet under various scenarios, including stressed conditions; (vi) the Tier 1 capital ratio, the total capital ratio, the Tier 1 leverage ratio, and the CET1 capital ratio; (vii) the tangible common equity ratio; and (viii) other factors, including market conditions.
Liquidity. Our deposit base consists primarily of personal and commercial accounts maintained by individuals and businesses in our primary markets and select international core depositors. The Company is focused on relationship-driven core deposits. The Company may also use third party providers of domestic sources of deposits as part of its balance sheet management strategies. We define core deposits as total deposits excluding all time deposits. This definition of core deposits differs from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (the “FFIEC”) Uniform Bank Performance Report (the “UBPR”) definition of “core deposits,” which exclude brokered time deposits and retail time deposits of more than $250,000. See “Core Deposits” discussion for more details.
We manage liquidity based upon factors that include the amount of core deposit relationships as a percentage of total deposits, the level of diversification of our funding sources, the allocation and amount of our deposits among deposit types, the short-term funding sources used to fund assets, the amount of non-deposit funding used to fund assets, the availability of unused funding sources, off-balance sheet obligations, the amount of cash and liquid securities we hold, the availability of assets readily convertible into cash without undue loss, the characteristics and maturities of our assets when compared to the characteristics of our liabilities and other factors.
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Summary Results
The summary results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include the following:

•Total assets were $9.5 billion at March 31, 2023, up $367.5 million, or 4.03%, compared to $9.1 billion at December 31, 2022. Asset growth includes an additional $200 million in cash held at the Federal Reserve Bank since mid-March for a total of $485.8 million in cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2023.

•Total gross loans were $7.12 billion at March 31, 2023, up $195.4 million, or 2.8%, compared to $6.92 billion at December 31, 2022.

•Total deposits were $7.29 billion at March 31, 2023, up $242.5 million, or 3.44%, compared to December 31, 2022.

•Total advances from the FHLB were $1.05 billion, up $145.5 million, or 16.05%, compared to $906.5 million as of December 31, 2022, the result of now holding additional liquidity on hand as noted above. An additional $1.7 billion remained available from FHLB as of March 31, 2023.
•Average yield on loans increased to 6.38% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 4.16% in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•Total non-performing assets increased to $48.7 million at March 31, 2023, up $11.1 million, or 29.6%, compared to $37.6 million at December 31, 2022.

•The ACL as of March 31, 2023 was $84.4 million, up $0.9 million, or 1.0%, compared to $83.5 million as of December 31, 2022.

•Core deposits were $5.36 billion at March 31, 2023, up $41.4 million, or 0.8%, compared to $5.32 billion at December 31, 2022.

•Average cost of total deposits increased to 1.91% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 0.38% in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•Loan to deposit ratio improved to 97.64% as of March 31, 2023 compared to 98.23% as of December 31, 2022.

•AUM totaled $2.11 billion, as of March 31, 2023, up $111.9 million, or 5.6%, from $2.00 billion as of December 31, 2022.

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•Pre-provision net revenue (“PPNR”)(2) was $37.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $27.3 million or 274.6%, compared to $9.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•Core Pre-Provision Net Revenue (“Core PPNR”)(2) was $37.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $19.2 million, or 107.6%, from $17.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•Net Interest Margin (“NIM”) increased to 3.90% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 3.18% in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•Net Interest Income (“NII”) was $82.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, up $26.7 million, or 47.96%, from $55.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•Provision for credit losses was $11.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a release from ACL of $9.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 (1). The provision for credit losses in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was comprised of $7.5 million in connection with charge-offs and credit quality, $2.2 million related to loan growth and $2.0 million to reflect updated economic factors.

•Non-interest income was $19.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, up $5.3 million or 37.92%, from $14.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•Non-interest expense was $64.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, down $3.9 million, or 6.44%, from $60.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•The efficiency ratio was 63.7% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 87.29% in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

•ROA was 0.88% in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 0.81% in the three months ended March 31, 2022 (1).

•Return on average equity (“ROE”) was 11.15% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 7.81% in the three months ended March 31, 2022 (1).


    1 The Company adopted the new guidance on accounting for current expected credit losses on financial instruments (“CECL”) in the fourth quarter of 2022, effective as of January 1, 2022. See the 2022 Form 10-K for more details of the CECL adoption and related effects to quarterly results for each quarter in the year ended December 31, 2022.
    2 Non-GAAP measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and for a reconciliation to GAAP.
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Results of Operations - Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

Net income
The table below sets forth certain results of operations data for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended March 31,Change
(in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages)202320222023 vs 2022
(1)
Net interest income$82,333 $55,645 $26,688 48.0 %
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (1)11,700 (9,275)20,975 226.2 
Net interest income after provision (reversal of) for credit losses (1)70,633 64,920 5,713 8.8 %
Noninterest income19,343 14,025 5,318 37.9 %
Noninterest expense64,733 60,818 3,915 6.4 %
Income before income tax expense (1)25,243 18,127 7,116 39.3 %
Income tax expense (1)(5,301)(3,824)(1,477)(38.6)%
Net income before attribution of noncontrolling interest (1)19,942 14,303 5,639 39.4 %
Less: noncontrolling interest(244)(1,076)832 77.3 %
Net income attributable to Amerant Bancorp Inc. (1)$20,186 $15,379 $4,807 31.3 %
Basic earnings per common share (1)$0.60 $0.44 $0.16 36.4 %
Diluted earnings per common share (1) (2)$0.60 $0.44 $0.16 36.4 %
__________________
(1)    Amounts reflect the impact of the adoption of CECL effective as of January 1, 2022. See Note 1 to our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.
(2)    In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, potential dilutive instruments consisted of unvested shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units. See Note 18 to our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for details on the dilutive effects of the issuance of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units on earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
In the three months ended March 31, 2023, net income attributable to the Company was $20.2 million, or $0.60 per diluted share, compared to net income attributable to the Company of $15.4 million, or $0.44 per diluted share, in the same quarter of 2022. The increase of $4.8 million, or 31.3%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was mainly due to higher net interest income and noninterest income. These results were partially offset by: (i) a $11.7 million provision for credit losses recorded in the first quarter of 2023, compared to a $9.3 million reversal of credit losses in the same period last year, and (ii) higher noninterest expenses.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, net income excludes a loss of $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, attributable to a noncontrolling interest in Amerant Mortgage. See the 2022 Form 10-K for more information on changes in noncontrolling interest in Amerant Mortgage in 2022. There were no significant changes in the first quarter of 2023.
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Net interest income was $82.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $26.7 million, or 48.0%, from $55.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022. This was primarily driven by: (i) an increase of 220 basis points in the yield on total interest earning assets, and (ii) increases of $1.4 billion, or 25.6%, and $126.0 million, or 109.9%, in the average balance of loans and debt securities held to maturity, respectively. The increase in net interest income was partially offset by: (i) higher cost of total deposits and FHLB advances; (ii) higher average balance of total deposits, mainly time deposits; and (iii) the cost of the Subordinated Notes issued in March 2022. See “Net interest Income” for more details.

Noninterest income was $19.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $5.3 million, or 37.9%, compared to $14.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022. This was mainly driven by: (i) higher net gains on the early extinguishment of advances from the FHLB; (ii) the absence of net unrealized losses on derivative valuation of $1.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to interest rate caps with clients; (iii) higher mortgage banking income; and (iv) higher deposit and service fees. These increases were partially offset by: (i) net losses on the sale of securities totaling $9.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, mainly driven by losses on the sale of debt securities available for sale and marketable equity securities; (ii) lower loan-level derivative income; and (iii) lower brokerage, advisory and fiduciary fees. See “Noninterest Income” for more details.

Noninterest expense increased $3.9 million, or 6.4%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily driven by higher salary and employee benefits, other operating expenses, professional and other service fees, FDIC assessments and insurance expenses and loan level derivative expenses. These increases were partially offset by: (i) the absence in the first quarter of 2023 of an additional expense of $4.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 in connection with the termination of technology contracts resulting from the transition to FIS supported systems and applications; (ii) lower telecommunication and data processing expenses; (iii) the absence of valuation allowance of $0.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to the change in fair value of New York loans held for sale; and (iv) lower advertising expenses. See “Noninterest Expense” for more details.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, noninterest expense included non-routine items of $3.4 million and $6.6 million, respectively. Non-routine items in noninterest expense include $3.4 million and $6.1 million of restructuring costs in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, in the three months ended March 31, 2022, non-routine items in noninterest expense included a valuation allowance of $0.5 million related to the change in fair value of New York loans held for sale. See “Our Company - Primary Factors Used to Evaluate Our Business” for detailed information on non-routine items in noninterest expense.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred noninterest expenses of $3.9 million and $3.5 million, respectively, related to Amerant Mortgage which consists of salaries and employee benefits expense, mortgage lending costs and professional and other services fees. Amerant Mortgage had 94 full time equivalent employees (“FTEs”) at March 31, 2023 compared to 79 at March 31, 2022.



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Average Balance Sheet, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis
The following tables present average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The average balances for loans include both performing and non-performing balances. Interest income on loans includes the effects of discount accretion and the amortization of non-refundable loan origination fees, net of direct loan origination costs, accounted for as yield adjustments. Average balances represent the daily average balances for the periods presented.
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(in thousands, except percentages) Average
Balances		Income/
Expense		Yield/
Rates		Average
 Balances		Income/
Expense		Yield/
Rates
Interest-earning assets:
Loan portfolio, net (1)(2)$6,901,352 $108,501 6.38 %$5,492,547 $56,338 4.16 %
Debt securities available for sale (3) (4)1,058,831 10,173 3.90 %1,170,491 7,378 2.56 %
Debt securities held to maturity (5)240,627 2,112 3.56 %114,655 703 2.49 %
Debt securities held for trading 18 — — %35 1 11.59 %
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value not held for trading 4,886 — — %1,301 — — %
Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock57,803 1,014 7.11 %51,505 546 4.30 %
Deposits with banks302,791 3,330 4.46 %259,225 132 0.21 %
Total interest-earning assets8,566,308 125,130 5.92 %7,089,759 65,098 3.72 %
Total non-interest-earning assets (6)739,522 616,872 
Total assets$9,305,830 $7,706,631 








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Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(in thousands, except percentages) Average
Balances		Income/
Expense		Yield/
Rates		Average
 Balances		Income/
Expense		Yield/
Rates
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking and saving accounts
Interest bearing DDA $2,342,620 $12,855 2.23 %$1,556,480 $290 0.08 %
Money market1,333,465 7,881 2.40 %1,253,293 734 0.24 %
Savings299,501 46 0.06 %325,121 11 0.01 %
Total checking and saving accounts3,975,586 20,782 2.12 %3,134,894 1,035 0.13 %
Time deposits1,767,603 12,834 2.94 %1,295,278 4,281 1.34 %
Total deposits5,743,189 33,616 2.37 %4,430,172 5,316 0.49 %
Advances from the FHLB (7)959,392 6,763 2.86 %917,039 2,481 1.10 %
Senior notes59,250 942 6.45 %58,934 942 6.48 %
Subordinated notes29,306 361 5.00 %7,451 88 4.79 %
Junior subordinated debentures64,178 1,115 7.05 %64,178 626 3.96 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities6,855,315 42,797 2.53 %5,477,774 9,453 0.70 %
Non-interest-bearing liabilities:
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits1,377,966 1,199,264 
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities338,351 231,088 
Total non-interest-bearing liabilities1,716,317 1,430,352 
Total liabilities8,571,632 6,908,126 
Stockholders’ equity734,198 798,505 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$9,305,830 $7,706,631 
Excess of average interest-earning assets over average interest-bearing liabilities$1,710,993 $1,611,985 
Net interest income$82,333 $55,645 
Net interest rate spread3.39 %3.02 %
Net interest margin (8)3.90 %3.18 %
Cost of total deposits (9)1.91 %0.38 %
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities124.96 %129.43 %
Average non-performing loans/ Average total loans0.46 %0.71 %
(1) Includes loans held for investment net of the allowance for credit losses, and loans held for sale. The average balance of the allowance for credit losses was $81.4 million and $67.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The average balance of total loans held for sale was $66.4 million and $137.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2)    Includes average non-performing loans of $31.8 million and $39.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Interest income that would have been recognized on outstanding non-performing loans at March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.4 million and $0.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3)    Includes the average balance of net unrealized gains and losses in the fair value of debt securities available for sale. The average balance includes average unrealized net losses of $104.9 million and average unrealized net gains of $2.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(4)    Includes nontaxable securities with average balances of $19.7 million and $16.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The tax equivalent yield for these nontaxable securities was 4.56% and 2.81% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In 2023 and 2022, the tax equivalent yields were calculated by assuming a 21% tax rate and dividing the actual yield by 0.79.
(5) Includes nontaxable securities with average balances of $50.7 million and $37.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The tax equivalent yield for these nontaxable securities was 4.20% and 3.67% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In 2023 and 2022, the tax equivalent yields were calculated by assuming a 21% tax rate and dividing the actual yield by 0.79.
(6) Excludes the allowance for credit losses.
(7)    The terms of the FHLB advance agreements require the Bank to maintain certain investment securities or loans as collateral for these advances.
(8)    NIM is defined as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets, which are loans, securities, deposits with banks and other financial assets which yield interest or similar income.
(9)    Calculated based upon the average balance of total noninterest bearing and interest bearing deposits.

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Net interest income
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
In the three months ended March 31, 2023, net interest income was $82.3 million, an increase of $26.7 million, or 48.0%, from $55.6 million in the same period of 2022. This was primarily driven by: (i) an increase of 220 basis points in the yield on total interest earning assets, and (ii) increases of $1.4 billion, or 25.6%, and $126.0 million, or 109.9%, in the average balance of loans and debt securities held to maturity, respectively. The increase in net interest income was partially offset by: (i) higher cost of total deposits and FHLB advances; (ii) higher average balance of total deposits, mainly time deposits; and (iii) the cost of the Subordinated Notes issued in March 2022. The increase in average yields on interest earning assets includes the effect of 450 basis points in the Federal Reserve’s benchmark interest rate since the end of the first quarter of 2022. Net interest margin was 3.90% in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of 72 basis points from 3.18% in the three months ended March 31, 2022. See discussions further below for more details.
During the first quarter of 2023, our asset sensitive position enabled us to offset, via repricing of variable-rate loans, the incremental cost of deposits we recorded during the first quarter of 2023. In addition, we had higher average balance of loans in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period last year. See discussions further below for more details.
Interest Income
Total interest income was $125.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $60.0 million, or 92.2%, compared to $65.1 million for the same period of 2022. This was primarily driven by a 220 basis points increase in the average yield on total interest earning assets. In addition, there were increases of $1.4 billion, or 25.6%, and $126.0 million, or 109.9%, in the average balance of loans and debt securities held to maturity, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $111.7 million, or 9.5%, in the average balance of debt securities available for sale.
Interest income on loans in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $108.5 million, an increase of $52.2 million, or 92.6%, compared to $56.3 million in the same period last year, primarily due to: (i) a 222 basis points increase in average yields, mainly attributable to higher market rates, and (ii) an increase of $1.4 billion, or 25.6%, in the average balance of loans. The increase in average yields and volumes also includes the effect of higher-yielding consumer loans purchased under indirect lending programs throughout 2022. In addition, the increase in the average balance of loans includes: (i) originations and purchases of single-family residential loans through Amerant Mortgage; (ii) originations of commercial loans, including loans and leases under a new white label equipment finance solution launched in the second quarter of 2022; (iii) originations of CRE and owner-occupied loans; and (iv) originations of consumer loans under a separate white label program. See “-Average Balance Sheet, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis” for detailed information.
Interest income on debt securities available for sale was $10.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $2.8 million, or 37.9%, compared to $7.4 million in the same period of 2022. This was mainly due to an increase of 134 basis points in average yields, primarily driven by higher market rates. This was partially offset by a decrease of $111.7 million, or 9.5%, in the average balance of these securities. The decline in the average balance was primarily due to a decrease in carrying value due to market rates increasing throughout 2022 and the first quarter of 2023. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the average balance of accumulated net unrealized loss included in the carrying value of these securities was $104.9 million compared to accumulated net unrealized gain of $2.4 million in the same period last year. As of March 31, 2023, corporate debt securities comprised 25.6% of the available-for-sale portfolio, down from 31.4% at March 31, 2022.
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As of March 31, 2023, floating rate investments represent 14.7% of our total investment portfolio compared to 17.5% at March 31, 2022. In addition, the overall duration increased to 4.9 years at March 31, 2023 from 4.0 years at March 31, 2022, which was primarily due to lower expected and actual mortgage-backed securities prepayments resulting from increased market interest rates.
Interest income on debt securities held to maturity was $2.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $1.4 million, or 200.4%, compared to $0.7 million in the same period of 2022. This was mainly due to an increase of $126.0 million, or 109.9% in the average balance of these securities. In addition, there was an increase of 107 basis points in average yields, primarily driven by higher market rates.

Interest Expense
Interest expense was $42.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $33.3 million, or 352.7%, compared to $9.5 million in the same period of 2022. This was primarily due to: (i) higher cost of total deposits and advances from FHLB, and (ii) the cost of the subordinated notes issued in March 2022. In addition, there was an increase of $1.4 billion, or 25.1%, in the average balance of total interest bearing liabilities, mainly time deposits, advances from FHLB, and subordinated notes as these were issued in March 2022.
Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was $33.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $28.3 million, or 532.4%, compared to $5.3 million for the same period of 2022. This was mainly driven by an increase of 188 basis points in the average rates paid on total deposits, and an increase of $1.3 billion, or 29.6%, in their average balance. See below for a detailed explanation of changes by major deposit category:
•Time deposits. Interest expense on total time deposits increased $8.6 million, or 199.8%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. This was mainly due to an increase of 160 basis points in the average cost of total time deposits. In addition, there was an increase of $472.3 million, or 36.5%, in the average balance of these deposits, including $324.8 million and $173.3 million in brokered time deposits and customer certificate of deposits (“CDs”), respectively. The increase in the average balance of time deposits was partially offset by a decline of $25.7 million in online deposits.
•Interest bearing checking and savings accounts. Interest expense on checking and savings accounts increased $19.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period one year ago, mainly due to an increase of 199 basis points in the average costs on these deposits. In addition, there was an increase of $840.7 million, or 26.8% in the average balance of total interest bearing checking and savings accounts in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. This was mainly driven by: (i) higher average domestic personal accounts; (ii) new domestic deposits from escrow accounts, municipalities, and from domestic individuals and businesses through large fund providers as well as new large customer relationships throughout 2022 and the three months ended March 31, 2023. These increases were partially offset a decrease of $127.5 million, or 5.9%, in the average balance of international accounts, including a decrease of $161.0 million, or 9.1%, in international personal accounts, partially offset by an increase of $33.5 million, or 8.8%, in international commercial accounts. In addition, there was a decline of $42.5 million in the average balance of third-party interest-bearing domestic brokered deposits in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.
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Interest expense on advances from the FHLB increased $4.3 million, or 172.6%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022, primarily driven by an increase of 176 basis points in the average rate paid on these borrowings. In addition, there was an increase of $42.4 million, or 4.6%, in the average balance on this funding source. In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, interest expense on FHLB advances includes $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, related to the amortization of a $6.6 million penalty fee as result of the restructuring of $285 million in fixed-rate FHLB advances in May 2021. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company borrowed $1.0 billion, and repaid $871.7 million of advances from the FHLB including early repayments. See the 2022 Form 10-K for more details on the $285 million FHLB advances restructuring completed in May 2021.
On March 9, 2022, the Company sold and issued $30.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 4.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due on March 15, 2032. The Subordinated Notes will initially bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.25% per annum, from and including March 9, 2022, to but excluding March 15, 2027, with interest payable semi-annually in arrears. In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, interest expense on these subordinated notes was $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. See the 2022 Form 10-K for additional information.
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Analysis of the Allowance for Credit Losses
Set forth in the table below are the changes in the allowance for credit losses for each of the periods presented.
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)20232022
(1)
Balance at the beginning of the period$83,500 $69,899 
Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting principle (1)$— 18,674 
Charge-offs
Domestic Loans:
Real estate loans
Single-family residential(32)(10)
Commercial(7,975)(3,275)
Consumer and others (6,319)(1,033)
(14,326)(4,318)
International Loans (2):
Real estate loans
Single-family residential— (4)
Consumer and others(3)— 
(3)(4)
Total Charge-offs$(14,329)$(4,322)
Recoveries
Domestic Loans:
Real estate loans
Commercial Real Estate (CRE)
Land development and construction loans$139 $4 
Single-family residential16 34 
Commercial3,146 201 
Consumer and others1 130 
3,302 369 
International Loans (2):
Commercial187 99 
Consumer and others1 6 
188 105 
Total Recoveries$3,490 $474 
Net charge-offs(10,839)(3,848)
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses (1)11,700 (9,275)
Balance at the end of the period$84,361 $75,450 
__________________
(1)    Amounts reflect the impact of the adoption of CECL effective as of January 1, 2022. See Note 1 to our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.
(2)     Includes transactions in which the debtor or the customer is domiciled outside the U.S., even when the collateral is located in the U.S.
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Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $11.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a release from the ACL of $9.3 million in the same period last year. During the first quarter of 2023, the provision for credit losses includes $7.5 million in additional reserve requirements for charge-offs and credit quality, $2.2 million to account for loan growth in the quarter and $2.0 million to reflect updated economic factors.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, charge-offs increased $10.0 million, or 231.5%, compared to the same period of the prior year. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, charge-offs included: (i) $6.5 million related to an equipment-financing commercial loan relationship that was transferred to other repossessed assets in the first quarter of 2023; (ii) $6.3 million related to multiple consumer loans, and (iii) $1.5 million in connection with multiple commercial and real estate loans. Charge-offs in the first quarter of 2023, were partially offset primarily by a $2.7 million recovery from a commercial loan relationship with a coffee trader (the “Coffee Trader”) charged-off last year. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, charge-offs included: (i) $3.3 million related to two commercial loans, including $2.5 million related to a nonaccrual loan paid off during the period, and (ii) an aggregate of $1.0 million in consumer loans. The ratio of net charge-offs over the average total loan portfolio held for investment was 0.64% in the first quarter of 2023, compared to 0.29% in the first quarter of 2022. See the 2022 Form 10-K for more information on charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2022.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, consistent with the Company’s applicable policy, the Company obtained independent third-party collateral valuations on all real estate securing non-performing loans with existing valuations older than 12-months, to support current ACL levels. No additional provision for credit losses were deemed necessary as a result of these valuations.

We continue to proactively and carefully monitor the Company’s credit quality practices, including examining and responding to patterns or trends that may arise across certain industries or regions.
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Noninterest Income
The table below sets forth a comparison for each of the categories of noninterest income for the periods presented.
Three Months Ended March 31,Change
202320222023 vs 2022
(in thousands, except percentages)Amount % Amount%Amount%
Deposits and service fees$4,955 25.6 %$4,620 32.9 %$335 7.3 %
Brokerage, advisory and fiduciary activities4,182 21.6 %4,596 32.8 %(414)(9.0)%
Loan-level derivative income (1)2,071 10.7 %3,152 22.5 %(1,081)(34.3)%
Change in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”)(2)1,412 7.3 %1,342 9.6 %70 5.2 %
Cards and trade finance servicing fees533 2.8 %590 4.2 %(57)(9.7)%
Derivative gains (losses), net (3)14 0.1 %(1,345)(9.6)%$1,359 NM
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of FHLB advances, net13,173 68.1 %(714)(5.1)%13,887 NM
Securities (losses) gains, net (4)(9,731)(50.3)%769 5.5 %(10,500)NM
Other noninterest income (5)2,734 14.1 %1,015 7.2 %1,719 169.4 %
     Total noninterest income$19,343 100.0 %$14,025 100.0 %$5,318 37.9 %


___________
(1)    Income from interest rate swaps and other derivative transactions with customers. The Company incurred expenses related to derivative transactions with customers of $1.6 million and $1.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included as part of noninterest expenses under loan-level derivative expense.     
(2)    Changes in cash surrender value of BOLI are not taxable.
(3)    Net unrealized gains and losses related to uncovered interest rate caps with clients.
(4)    Includes: (i) net loss on sale of debt securities available for sale of $9.5 million and net gains on sale of debt securities available for sale of $49 thousand in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, (ii) unrealized gains of $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to the change in fair value of marketable equity securities. In addition, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, includes net loss of 0.2 million on the sale of marketable equity securities.
(5)    Includes mortgage banking revenue of $1.8 million and $0.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to Amerant Mortgage. Mortgage banking revenue primarily consisting of gain on sale of loans, gain on loans market valuation, other fees and smaller sources of income. Other sources of income in the periods shown include income from foreign currency exchange transactions with customers and valuation income on the investment balances held in the non-qualified deferred compensation plan.
NM - means not meaningful


Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Total noninterest income increased $5.3 million, or 37.9%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period of 2022, mainly due to: (i) higher net gains on the early extinguishment of advances from the FHLB; (ii) the absence in the first quarter of 2023 of net unrealized losses on derivative valuation of $1.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to interest rate caps with clients; (iii) higher other noninterest income, and (iv) higher deposit and service fees. These increases were partially offset by: (i) net losses on the sale of securities totaling $9.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, mainly driven by losses on the sale of debt securities available for sale, and marketable equity securities not held for trading; (ii) lower loan-level derivative income, and (iii) lower brokerage, advisory and fiduciary fees.




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In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a net gain of $13.2 million on the early repayment of approximately $565 million of advances from the FHLB. In addition, in April 2023, the Company realized a pretax gain of $4.0 million on the early repayment of $175 million in advances from the FHLB. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded a net loss of $0.7 million on the early extinguishment of approximately $180 million of advances from the FHLB.These early repayments of advances from the FHLB are part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategies.

On March 27, 2023, the Bank sold one corporate debt security held for sale issued by Signature Bank, N.A in an open market transaction. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company realized a pretax loss on sale of approximately $9.5 million in connection with this transaction which is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). See “Securities” for additional information.

Other noninterest income increased $1.7 million, or 169.4%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily driven by: (i) an increase of $1.0 million or 128.3% in mortgage banking income compared to the first quarter of 2022; and (ii) higher income from foreign currency exchange transactions with customers.

Deposits and service fees increased $0.3 million, or 7.3%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period last year, primarily due to higher service charge fee income as well as higher wire transfer fees.

Loan-level derivative income decreased $1.1 million, or 34.3%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, mainly driven by a lower volume of interest rate swap transactions with clients.

Brokerage, advisory and fiduciary activities decreased $0.4 million, or 9.0%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period last year. This was primarily driven by lower brokerage fees as a result of lower equity trading volumes and lower advisory fees mainly resulting from lower market valuations of AUM in our client’s advisory accounts.

Our AUM totaled $2.1 billion at March 31, 2023, an increase of $111.9 million, or 5.6%, from $2.0 billion at December 31, 2022, primarily driven by approximately $50 million in net new assets, as we continue to execute on our relationship-focused strategy, as well as $55 million from increased market valuations.


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Noninterest Expense
The table below presents a comparison for each of the categories of noninterest expense for the periods presented.
Three Months Ended March 31,Change
202320222023 vs 2022
(in thousands, except percentages)Amount %Amount %Amount %
Salaries and employee benefits (1)$34,876 53.9 %$30,403 50.0 %$4,473 14.7 %
Occupancy and equipment (2)6,798 10.5 %6,725 11.1 %73 1.1 %
Professional and other services fees (3)7,628 11.8 %6,139 10.1 %1,489 24.3 %
Loan-level derivative expense (4)1,600 2.5 %1,043 1.7 %557 53.4 %
Telecommunications and data processing3,064 4.7 %4,038 6.6 %(974)(24.1)%
Depreciation and amortization1,292 2.0 %1,152 1.9 %140 12.15 %
FDIC assessments and insurance2,737 4.2 %1,396 2.3 %1,341 96.1 %
Loans held for sale valuation expense (5)— — %459 0.8 %$(459)NM
Advertising expenses2,586 4.0 %2,972 4.9 %(386)(13.0)%
Contract termination costs (6)— — %4,012 6.6 %(4,012)NM
Other operating expenses (7)4,152 6.4 %2,479 4.0 %1,673 67.5 %
     Total noninterest expenses (8)$64,733 100.0 %$60,818 100.0 %$3,915 6.4 %
_______
(1)    Includes staff reduction costs of $0.2 million and $0.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Staff reduction costs in the three months ended March 31, 2023, are mainly related to severance expenses in connection with employment terminations and changes in certain positions. Staff reduction costs in the three months ended March 31, 2022, were primarily related to severance expenses in connection with restructuring of business lines and the elimination of certain support functions.
(2)    In the three months ended March 31, 2023, includes $0.5 million related to ROUA impairment in connection with the closure of a branch in Houston, Texas in 2023.
(3) In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 includes additional expenses of $2.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, related to the engagement of FIS. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, includes (i) $0.2 million in connection with certain search and recruitment expenses; and (ii) $0.1 million of costs associated with the subleasing of the New York office space.
(4) Includes service fees in connection with our loan-level derivative income generation activities.
(5)    Valuation allowance as a result of changes in the fair value of loans held for sale carried at the lower of cost or fair value.
(6)    Contract termination and related costs associated with third party vendors resulting from the Company’s transition to our new technology provider.
(7)    Includes charitable contributions, community engagement, postage and courier expenses, provisions for possible losses on contingent loans, and debits which mirror the valuation income on the investment balances held in the non-qualified deferred compensation plan in order to adjust our liability to participants of the deferred compensation plan.
(8)    Includes $3.9 million and $3.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to Amerant Mortgage, primarily consisting of salaries and employee benefits, mortgage lending costs and professional and other services fees.
NM Means not meaningful


Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Noninterest expense increased $3.9 million, or 6.4%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, mainly due to higher salary and employee benefits, other operating expenses, professional and other service fees, FDIC assessments and insurance expenses and loan level derivative expenses. These increases were partially offset by: (i) the absence in the first quarter of 2023 of an additional expense of $4.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 in connection with the termination of technology contracts resulting from the transition to FIS supported systems and applications; (ii) lower telecommunication and data processing expenses, (iii) the absence of valuation allowance of $0.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to the change in fair value of New York loans held for sale; and (iv) lower advertising expenses.


76
Salaries and employee benefits increased $4.5 million, or 14.7%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period one year ago, mainly by: (i) salary increases mainly in connection with new hires during the quarter, primarily in the mortgage banking area; (ii) higher non-equity variable compensation; (iii) higher equity variable compensation in connection with the long term incentive program and (iv) higher commissions. These results were partially offset by: (i) decreases in salaries and employee benefits related to staff reductions resulting from our ongoing transformation and efficiency improvement efforts, and (ii) lower severance expenses. At March 31, 2023, our FTEs were 722, a net increase of 45 FTEs, or 6.6% compared to 677 FTEs at March 31, 2022.

Other operating expenses increased $1.7 million, or 67.5%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, mainly driven by: (i) higher indirect loan costs and loan servicing fees; (ii) a $0.3 million provision for contingency losses in the third quarter of 2022; and (iii) an aggregate increase in other smaller expenses.

Professional and other services fees increased $1.5 million, or 24.3%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period last year, primarily driven by higher consulting and other professional fees in connection with the Company’s transition to our new technology provider.
FDIC assessments and insurance increased $1.3 million, or 96.1%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period last year, primarily driven by higher FDIC assessment rates and higher average assets.

Loan-level derivative expenses increased $0.6 million, or 53.4%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period last year, mainly driven by additional expenses as a result of transitioning interest rate swap and cap contracts with clients from LIBOR to a new replacement index.

Telecommunication and data processing expenses decreased $1.0 million, or 24.1%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period last year, primarily driven by lower computer software and technology support services.

Advertising expenses decreased $0.4 million, or 13.0%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period last year, mainly due to lower expenses in connection with out-of-home advertising.


Income Taxes
The table below sets forth information related to our income taxes for the periods presented.
Three Months Ended March 31,Change
202320222023 vs 2022
(in thousands, except effective tax rates and percentages)(1)
Income before income tax expense (1)$25,243 $18,127 $7,116 39.3 %
Income tax expense (1)$5,301 $3,824 $1,477 38.6 %
Effective income tax rate21.00 %21.10 %(0.10)%(0.5)%
__________________
(1)    Amounts reflect the impact of the adoption of CECL effective as of January 1, 2022. See Note 1 to our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.

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In the three months ended March 31, 2023, income tax expense increased to $5.3 million from $3.8 million in the same period in 2022, mainly driven by higher income before income taxes in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period last year.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s net deferred tax assets were $46.1 million, a decrease of $2.6 million, or 5.3%, compared to $48.7 million as of December 31, 2022. This was primarily driven by a decrease of $2.3 million in connection with the $9.1 million in pretax net unrealized holding gains on debt securities available for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company supplements its financial results that are determined in accordance with GAAP with non-GAAP financial measures, such as “pre-provision net revenue (PPNR)”, “core pre-provision net revenue (Core PPNR)”, “tangible stockholders’ equity book value per common share”, “tangible common equity ratio, adjusted for unrealized losses on debt securities held to maturity”, and “tangible stockholders' book value per common share, adjusted for unrealized losses on debt securities held to maturity”. This supplemental information is not required by or is not presented in accordance with GAAP. The Company refers to these financial measures and ratios as “non-GAAP financial measures” and they should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the GAAP measures presented herein.

We use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including those mentioned above, both to explain our results to shareholders and the investment community and in the internal evaluation and management of our businesses. Our management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures and the information they provide are useful to investors since these measures permit investors to view our performance using the same tools that our management uses to evaluate our past performance and prospects for future performance, especially in light of the Company’s adoption of CECL in 2022, as well as the additional costs we have incurred in connection with the Company’s restructuring activities that began in 2018 and continued in 2023, including the effect of non-core banking activities such as the sale of loans and securities, the valuation of securities, derivatives, loans held for sale and other real estate owned, early repayment of FHLB advances and other non-routine actions intended to improve customer service and operating performance. While we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our performance, this information should be considered as supplemental and not as a substitute for or superior to the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Additionally, these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from similar measures presented by other companies.
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The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s PPNR and Core PPNR, non-GAAP financial measures, as of the dates presented:
Three Months Ended,
(in thousands)
March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Net income attributable to Amerant Bancorp Inc. (1)$20,186 $15,379 
Plus: provision for credit losses (1)11,700 (9,275)
Plus: provision for income tax expense (1)5,301 3,824 
Pre-provision net revenue (PPNR)37,187 9,928 
Plus: non-routine noninterest expense items3,372 6,574 
Less: non-routine noninterest income items(3,456)1,367 
Core pre-provision net revenue (Core PPNR)$37,103 $17,869 
Non-routine noninterest income items:
Derivatives gains (losses), net14 (1,345)
Securities (losses) gains, net(9,731)769 
Gains (loss) on early extinguishment of FHLB advances, net13,173 (714)
Loss on sale of loans— (77)
Total non-routine noninterest income items$3,456 $(1,367)
Non-routine noninterest expense items
Restructuring costs (2):
Staff reduction costs (3)213 765 
Consulting and other professional fees (4)2,690 1,246 
Contract termination fees (5)— 4,012 
Digital transformation expenses— 45 
Branch closure expenses33 
Lease impairment charge (6)469 14 
Total restructuring costs$3,372 $6,115 
Other non-routine noninterest expense items:
Loans held for sale valuation (reversal) expense— 459 
Total non-routine noninterest expense items$3,372 $6,574 
(1)      As previously disclosed, the Company adopted CECL in the fourth quarter of 2022, effective as of January 1, 2022. See the 2022 Form 10-K for more details of the CECL adoption and related effects to quarterly results for each quarter in the year ended December 31, 2022.
(2)     Expenses incurred for actions designed to implement the Company’s business strategy. These actions include, but are not limited to reductions in workforce, streamlining operational processes, rolling out the Amerant brand, implementation of new technology system applications, decommissioning of legacy technologies, enhanced sales tools and training, expanded product offerings and improved customer analytics to identify opportunities.
(3)     Staff reduction costs in the three months ended March 31, 2023 are mainly related to severance expenses in connection with employment terminations and changes in certain positions. Staff reduction costs in the three months ended March 31, 2022 includes expenses primarily in connection with the restructuring of business lines and the outsourcing of certain human resource functions.
(4)    Includes (i) expenses in connection with the engagement of FIS of $2.6 million and $0.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively and (ii) an aggregate of $0.3 million in connection with information technology projects, and certain search and recruitment expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2022.
(5)    Contract termination and related costs associated with third party vendors resulting from the Company’s engagement of FIS
(6)     In the three months ended March 31, 2023, includes $0.5 million of ROUA, impairment associated with the closure of a branch in Texas in 2023.


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The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s tangible common equity and tangible assets, non GAAP financial measures, to total equity and total assets, respectively, as of the dates presented:

Three Months Ended,
(in thousands, except percentages, share data and per share amounts)
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Stockholders' equity$729,056$705,726
Less: goodwill and other intangibles (1)(24,292)(23,161)
Tangible common stockholders' equity$704,764$682,565
Total assets9,495,3029,127,804
Less: goodwill and other intangibles (1)(24,292)(23,161)
Tangible assets$9,471,010$9,104,643
Common shares outstanding33,814,26033,815,161
Tangible common equity ratio7.44 %7.50 %
Stockholders' book value per common share$21.56$20.87
Tangible stockholders' equity book value per common share$20.84$20.19
Tangible common stockholders' equity$704,764$682,565
Less: Net unrealized accumulated losses on debt securities held to maturity, net of tax (2)(15,542)(18,234)
Tangible common stockholders' equity, adjusted for unrealized losses on debt securities held to maturity$689,222$664,331
Tangible assets$9,471,010$9,104,643
Less: Net unrealized accumulated losses on debt securities held to maturity, net of tax (2)(15,542)(18,234)
Tangible assets, adjusted for unrealized losses on debt securities held to maturity$9,455,468$9,086,409
Common shares outstanding33,814,26033,815,161
Tangible common equity ratio, adjusted for unrealized losses on debt securities held to maturity7.29 %7.31 %
Tangible stockholders' book value per common share, adjusted for unrealized losses on debt securities held to maturity$20.38$19.65
(1)    Other intangible assets consist of, among others, mortgage servicing rights (“MSRS”) of $1.4 million and $1.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(2)    In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, amounts were calculated based upon the fair value on debt securities held to maturity, and assuming a tax rate of 25.53% and 25.55%, respectively.
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Financial Condition - Comparison of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Assets. Total assets were $9.5 billion as of March 31, 2023, an increase of $367.5 million, or 4.0%, compared to $9.1 billion at December 31, 2022. This result was primarily driven by increases of: (i) $195.2 million, or 67.2%, in cash and cash equivalents, (ii) $194.5 million, or 2.8%, in total loans held for investment, net of the ACL, and loans held for sale, and (iii) $16.8 million, or 10.8%, in accrued interest receivable and other assets primarily driven by new OREO and repossessed asset balances. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $20.5 million, or 14.6%, in operating lease right-of-use assets resulting from the modification of a lease in the first quarter of 2023. See “-Average Balance Sheet, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis” for detailed information, including changes in the composition of our interest-earning assets. See “Loan Quality” for more details on OREO and repossessed assets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents increased to $485.8 million at March 31, 2023 from $290.6 million at December 31, 2022, primarily as a result of higher cash balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank which were $408 million and $228 million, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents included restricted cash of $32.5 million and $42.2 million, respectively, which was held primarily to cover margin calls on derivative transactions with certain brokers.
Cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities were $18.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by originations and purchases of mortgage loans held for sale during the period.
Net cash used in investing activities was $182.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, mainly driven by: (i) a net increase in loans of $203.5 million, (ii) purchases of investment securities totaling $41.3 million, and (iii) net purchases of premises and equipment of $3.7 million. These disbursements were partially offset by: (i) maturities, sales, calls and paydowns of investment securities totaling $58.4 million, and (ii) proceeds from sale of loans held for investment of $10.0 million

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $396.1 million. These activities included: (i) a net increase of $201.1 million in time deposits; (ii) net proceeds from FHLB advances of $158.3 million, and (iii) a net increase of $41.4 million in total demand, savings and money market deposit balances. These proceeds were partially offset by: (i) $3.0 million of dividends declared and paid by the Company in the first quarter of 2023, and (ii) an aggregate $0.6 million in connection with the repurchase of shares of Class A common stock under a stock repurchase program launched in the fourth quarter of 2023. See “-Capital Resources and Liquidity Management” for more details on changes in FHLB advances and the stock repurchase program launched in the first quarter of 2023.
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Loans
Loans are our largest component of interest-earning assets. The table below depicts the trend of loans as a percentage of total assets and the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans for the periods presented.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands, except percentages)
Total loans, gross (1)$7,115,035 $6,919,632 
Total loans, gross / total assets74.9 %75.8 %
Allowance for credit losses$84,361 $83,500 
Allowance for credit losses / total loans held for investment, gross (1) (2)1.20 %1.22 %
Total loans, net (3)$7,030,674 $6,836,132 
Total loans, net / total assets74.0 %74.9 %
_______________
(1)    Total loans, gross is the principal balance of outstanding loans, including loans held for investment and loans held for sale, net of unamortized deferred nonrefundable loan origination fees and loan origination costs, and unamortized premiums paid on purchased loans, excluding the allowance for credit losses. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $65.3 million and $62.4 million, respectively, in loans held for sale carried at fair value in connection with the Company’s mortgage banking activities through its subsidiary Amerant Mortgage.
(2)    See Note 5 of our audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2022 Form 10-K and our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for more details on our credit loss estimates.
(3)    Total loans, net is the principal balance of outstanding loans, including loans held for investment and held for sale, net of unamortized deferred nonrefundable loan origination fees and loan origination costs, and unamortized premiums paid on purchased loans, excluding the allowance for credit losses.

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The table below summarizes the composition of our loans held for investment by type of loan as of the end of each period presented. International loans include transactions in which the debtor or customer is domiciled outside the U.S., even when the collateral is U.S. property. All international loans are denominated and payable in U.S. Dollars.
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Domestic Loans:
Real Estate Loans
Commercial real estate (CRE)
Non-owner occupied$1,630,451 $1,615,716 
Multi-family residential796,125 820,023 
Land development and construction loans303,268 273,174 
2,729,844 2,708,913 
Single-family residential (1)1,136,676 1,048,396 
Owner occupied1,069,491 1,046,450 
4,936,011 4,803,759 
Commercial loans (2)1,454,968 1,338,157 
Loans to depository institutions and acceptances (3)13,312 13,292 
Consumer loans and overdrafts (4) (5)549,225 602,793 
Total Domestic Loans6,953,516 6,758,001 
International Loans:
Real Estate Loans
Single-family residential (6)52,369 54,449 
Commercial loans42,681 43,077 
Consumer loans and overdrafts (7)1,180 1,667 
Total International Loans96,230 99,193 
Total Loans held for investment$7,049,746 $6,857,194 

__________________
(1)    As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, includes $240.1 million and $230.3 million, respectively, in single-family residential loans purchased by the Company through Amerant Mortgage.
(2)    As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, includes $557.2 million and $420.3 million, respectively, in specialty finance loans. These specialty finance loans include $46.7 million and $45.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, in commercial loans and leases originated under a white-label equipment financing solution launched in the second quarter of 2022.
(3)    Mostly comprised of loans secured by cash or U.S. Government securities.
(4)    Includes customers’ overdraft balances totaling $2.5 million and $4.7 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(5)    Includes indirect lending loans purchased with an outstanding balance of $372.2 million and $433.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, includes $62.1 million and $43.8 million, respectively, in consumer loan originated under a white-label program. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of indirect lending loans includes unamortized premiums paid of $8.6 million and $10.9 million, respectively.
(6)    Secured by real estate properties located in the U.S.
(7)    International customers’ overdraft balances were de minimis at each of the dates presented.

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The composition of our CRE loan portfolio held for investment by industry segment at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is depicted in the following table:
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Retail (1)$694,176 $731,229 
Multifamily796,125 820,023 
Office Space340,622 342,248 
Specialty (2)137,024 84,791 
Land and Construction303,268 273,174 
Hospitality324,020 324,881 
Industrial and Warehouse134,609 132,567 
 Total CRE (3)$2,729,844 $2,708,913 
_________
(1)    Includes loans generally granted to finance the acquisition or operation of non-owner occupied properties such as retail shopping centers, free-standing single-tenant properties, and mixed-use properties primarily dedicated to retail, where the primary source of repayment is derived from the rental income generated from the use of the property by its tenants.
(2)    Includes marinas, nursing and residential care facilities, and other specialty type CRE properties.
(3)     Includes loans held for investment in the NY loan portfolio, which were $310 million at March 31, 2023 and $330 million at December 31, 2022.


The table below summarizes the composition of our loans held for sale by type of loan as of the end of each period presented:
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Loans held for sale at fair value
Land development and construction loans15,527 9,424 
Single-family residential 49,762 53,014 
Total loans held for sale at fair value (1)(2)65,289 62,438 
_______________
(1)Loans held for sale in connection with Amerant Mortgage’s ongoing business.
(2)Remained current and in accrual status as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.


At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $65.3 million and $62.4 million, respectively, of primarily single-family residential loans held for sale carried at their estimated fair value. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, in connection with mortgage loans held for sale, we originated and purchased approximately $78.4 million, and had proceeds of approximately $40.9 million, mainly from the sale of these loans.


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As of March 31, 2023, total loans held for investment were $7.0 billion, up $192.6 million, or 2.8%, compared to $6.9 billion at December 31, 2022. Domestic loans held for investment increased $195.5 million, or 2.9%, as of March 31, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022. The increase in total domestic loans held for investment includes net increases of $116.8 million, or 8.7%, $88.3 million, or 8.4%, $23.0 million, or 2.2% and $20.9 million, or 0.8%, in domestic commercial loans, single-family residential loans, owner occupied loans and CRE loans respectively. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $53.6 million, or 8.9%, in domestic consumer loans as the Company discontinued the purchases of indirect consumer loans in the first quarter of 2023 and such indirect lending portfolio is set to runoff over time.

The increase in our domestic loan portfolio held for investment in the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes the effect of: (i) origination of commercial and single-family residential loans; (ii) originations of CRE and owner-occupied loans; (iii) approximately $1 million of single-family residential loans purchased by the Company through its subsidiary Amerant Mortgage; (iv) $13 million of commercial loans originations through a new white label equipment financing solution launched in the second quarter of 2022; and (v) originations of consumer loans of approximately $23 million through a new white-label program launched in the third quarter of 2022. These results were partially offset by loan prepayments during the period.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company has added approximately $87.4 million in single-family residential loans through Amerant Mortgage, which includes loans originated and purchased from different channels.

Loans to international customers, primarily from Venezuela and other customers in Latin America, decreased $3.0 million, or 3.0%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, mainly driven by a decrease of $2.1 million. or 3.8%, in single family residential loans, including a reduction of $1.9 million, or 4.2%, in loans related to Venezuelan customers.

As of March 31, 2023, loans under syndication facilities, included in loans held for investment, were $409.7 million, an increase of $42.7 million, or 11.6%, compared to $367.0 million at December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by $45 million in new loans and balance increases, including $24.2 million of commercial loans primarily in the cosmetic products industry, $16 million in commercial loans in the food services industry, $3.3 million in the workforce placement industry, and other smaller loans. This was partially offset by the pay downs of $5.3 million related to two commercial loans in the specialty finance industry. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loans under syndication facilities include Shared National Credit facilities of $144 million and $143 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, syndicated loans that financed highly leveraged transactions were $6.6 million, or 0.1%, of total loans, compared to $8.5 million, or 0.1%, of total loans as of December 31, 2022.
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Foreign Outstanding
The table below summarizes the composition of our international loan portfolio by country of risk for the periods presented. All of our foreign loans are denominated in U.S. Dollars, and bear fixed or variable rates of interest based upon different market benchmarks plus a spread.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Net Exposure (1)
%
Total Assets
Net Exposure (1)
%
Total Assets
(in thousands, except percentages)
Venezuela (2)$45,069 0.5 %$47,037 0.5 %
Other (3)51,161 0.6 %52,156 0.6 %
Total$96,230 1.1 %$99,193 1.1 %
_________________
(1)    Consists of outstanding principal amounts, net of collateral of cash, cash equivalents or other financial instruments totaling $6.9 million and $6.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)    Includes mortgage loans for single-family residential properties located in the U.S. totaling $45.0 million and $47.0 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(3)    Includes loans to borrowers in other countries which do not individually exceed one percent of total assets in any of the reported periods.

The maturities of our outstanding international loans were:
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Less than 1 year1-3 Years More than 3 years Total (1)Less than 1 year 1-3 Years More than 3 years Total (1)
(in thousands)
Venezuela (2)$2,997 $— $42,072 $45,069 $3,507 $295 $43,235 $47,037 
Other (3)13,534 12,466 25,161 51,161 13,221 13,647 25,288 52,156 
Total $16,531 $12,466 $67,233 $96,230 $16,728 $13,942 $68,523 $99,193 
_________________
(1)    Consists of outstanding principal amounts, net of collateral of cash, cash equivalents or other financial instruments totaling $6.9 million and $6.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)    Includes mortgage loans for single-family residential properties located in the U.S.
(3)    Includes loans to borrowers in other countries which do not individually exceed one percent of total assets in 2022.

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Loan Quality
Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses
In the following table, we present the allocation of the ACL by loan segment at the end of the periods presented. The amounts shown in this table should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will occur in these amounts or percentages. These amounts represent our best estimates of expected credit losses to be collected throughout the life of the loans, at the reported dates, derived from historical events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts at the dates reported. Our allowance for credit losses is established using estimates and judgments, which consider the views of our regulators in their periodic examinations. Re-evaluation of the ACL estimate in future periods, in light of changes in composition and characteristics of the loan portfolio, changes in the reasonable and supportable forecast and other factors then prevailing may result in material changes in the amount of the ACL and credit loss expense in those future periods. We also show the percentage of each loan class, which includes loans in nonaccrual status.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Allowance% of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans Held for InvestmentAllowance% of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans Held for Investment
(in thousands, except percentages)
Domestic Loans
Real estate$23,195 41.2 %$25,237 42.2 %
Commercial30,351 35.8 %25,483 34.7 %
Financial institutions— 0.2 %— 0.2 %
Consumer and others (1)29,803 21.4 %31,569 21.5 %
83,349 98.6 %82,289 98.6 %
International Loans (2)
Commercial296 0.6 %405 0.6 %
Financial institutions— — %— — %
Consumer and others (1)716 0.8 %806 0.8 %
1,012 1.4 %1,211 1.5 %
Total Allowance for Loan Losses$84,361 100.0 %$83,500 100.0 %
% of Total Loans held for investment1.20 %1.22 %
__________________
(1)     Includes (i) unsecured indirect consumer loans (domestic) to qualified individuals purchased in 2022, 2021 and 2020; and (ii) mortgage loans for and secured by single-family residential properties located in the U.S.
(2)     Includes transactions in which the debtor or customer is domiciled outside the U.S. and all collateral is located in the U.S.


The ACL was determined utilizing a reasonable and supportable forecast period. The ACL was determined using a weighted-average of various economic scenarios provided by a third-party, and incorporated qualitative components. There has not been material changes in our policies and methodology to estimate the ACL in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the changes in the allocation of the ACL were primarily attributed to reserve requirements for loan charge-offs, loan growth and downgrades as well as updated economic factors.


87

Non-Performing Assets
In the following table, we present a summary of our non-performing assets by loan class, which includes non-performing loans by portfolio segment, both domestic and international, and other real estate owned, or OREO and other repossessed assets, at the dates presented. Non-performing loans consist of: (i) nonaccrual loans where the accrual of interest has been discontinued, and (ii) accruing loans 90 days or more contractually past due as to interest or principal.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands)
Non-Accrual Loans (1)
Domestic Loans:
Real Estate Loans
Commercial real estate (CRE)
Non-owner occupied$— $20,057 
Single-family residential999 1,307 
Owner occupied7,118 6,270 
8,117 27,634 
Commercial loans 13,643 9,271 
Consumer loans and overdrafts (2)1 1 
Total Domestic21,761 36,906 
International Loans: (3)
Real Estate Loans
Single-family residential368 219 
Consumer loans and overdrafts— 3 
Total International368 222 
Total Non-Accrual Loans$22,129 $37,128 
Past Due Accruing Loans (4)
Domestic Loans:
Real Estate Loans
Single-family residential$— $253 
Commercial— 183 
Consumer loans and overdrafts53 35 
Total Domestic53 471 
Total Past Due Accruing Loans53 471 
Total Non-Performing Loans$22,182 $37,599 
OREO and other repossessed assets26,534 — 
Total Non-Performing Assets$48,716 $37,599 
__________________
(1)    Prior to the first quarter of 2023, included loan modifications that met the definition of troubled debt restructurings, or TDR, which may be performing in accordance with their modified loan terms.
(2)    In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company changed its charge-off policy for unsecured consumer loans from 120 to 90 days past due. This change resulted in an additional $3.4 million in charge-offs for unsecured consumer loans in the fourth quarter of 2022.
(3)    Includes transactions in which the debtor or customer is domiciled outside the U.S., but where all collateral is located in the U.S.
(4)    Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing.


88

The following table presents the activity of non-performing assets by type of loan in the three months ended March 31, 2023:


Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)Commercial Real EstateSingle-family ResidentialOwner-occupiedCommercialFinancial InstitutionsConsumer and OthersOREO and Other Repossessed AssetsTotal
Balance at beginning of period$20,057 $1,779 $6,270 $9,454 $— $39 $— $37,599 
Plus:
Loans placed in nonaccrual status— 500 1,316 19,317 — 6,320 — 27,453 
Less:
Nonaccrual loan charge-offs— (32)— (7,975)— (6,322)— (14,329)
Nonaccrual loans sold, net of charge offs— — — — — — — — 
Other real estate owned sold— — — — — — — — 
Nonaccrual loan collections and others— (804)(468)(800)— 17 124 (1,931)
Loans returned to accrual status— (76)— — — — — (76)
Transferred from Loans to OREO and Other Repossessed Assets(20,057)— — (6,353)— — 26,410 — 
Balances at end of period$— $1,367 $7,118 $13,643 $— $54 $26,534 $48,716 

In the first quarter of 2023, the Company received one CRE property guaranteeing a New York based non-owner-occupied loan with a carrying amount of $20.1 million, and transferred it to OREO at the net of its fair value less cost to sell of approximately $20.2 million. This loan was among the loans placed in non-accrual status in 2022. There was no impact in the consolidated results of operations in the three months ended March 31, 2023 as a result of this transaction.

In the first quarter of 2023, the Company placed in nonaccrual status a $12.9 million equipment-financing commercial loan relationship, charged-off $6.5 million related to the portion of the balance deemed uncollectible, and transferred the remaining balance of $6.4 million to other repossessed assets.
We recognized no interest income on non accrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.


89

The Company’s loans by credit quality indicators are summarized in the following table. We have no purchased-credit-impaired loans.

March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Special MentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal (1)Special MentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal (1)
Real Estate Loans
Commercial Real
Estate (CRE)
Non-owner
occupied		$8,335 $— $— $8,335 $8,378 $20,113 $— $28,491 
Multi-family residential24,348 — — 24,348 — — — — 
32,683 — — 32,683 8,378 20,113 — 28,491 
Single-family residential— 1,514 — 1,514 — 1,930 — 1,930 
Owner occupied— 7,202 — 7,202 — 6,356 — 6,356 
32,683 8,716 — 41,399 8,378 28,399 — 36,777 
Commercial loans3,240 14,891 3 18,134 1,749 10,446 3 12,198 
Consumer loans and
overdrafts		— 1 — 1 — 230 — 230 
$35,923 $23,608 $3 $59,534 $10,127 $39,075 $3 $49,205 
__________
(1) There are no loans categorized as a “Loss” as of the dates presented.


Classified Loans. Classified loans includes substandard and doubtful loans. The following table presents the activity of classified loans by type of loan in the three months ended March 31, 2023:


(in thousands)Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Commercial Real EstateSingle-family ResidentialOwner-occupiedCommercialFinancial InstitutionsConsumer and OthersTotal
Balance at beginning of period$20,113 $1,930 $6,356 $10,449 $— $230 $39,078 
Plus:
Loans downgraded to substandard and doubtful— 500 1,330 19,338 — 6,320 27,488 
Less:— 
Classified loan charge-offs— (32)— (7,975)— (6,322)(14,329)
Classified loans sold, net of charge offs— — — — — — — 
Classified loan collections and others(56)(808)(484)(565)— (227)(2,140)
Transferred from Loans to OREO and Other Repossessed Assets(20,057)— — (6,353)— — (26,410)
Loans upgraded— (76)— — — — (76)
Balances at end of period$— $1,514 $7,202 $14,894 $— $1 $23,611 


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Special Mention Loans. Special mention loans as of March 31, 2023 totaled $35.9 million, an increase of $25.8 million, or 254.7%, from $10.1 million as of December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily due to the addition of one $24.3 million New York CRE multi-family residential loan and a $1.5 million commercial Loan. All special mention loans remained current at March 31, 2023.

Potential problem loans, which are accruing loans classified as substandard and are less than 90 days past due, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are as follows:

(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Real estate loans
Single-family residential147 150 
Owner occupied84 86 
231 236 
Commercial loans1,126 1,178 
Consumer loans and overdrafts (1)— 226 
$1,357 $1,640 
__________
(1) Corresponds to international consumer loans.


At March 31, 2023, total potential problem loans decreased $0.3 million, or 17.3%, compared to December 31, 2022. This was mainly due to charge-offs totaling $0.2 million related to multiple consumer loans during the period and $0.1 million in paydowns of existing potential problem loans.
91

Securities
The following table sets forth the book value and percentage of each category of securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The book value for debt securities classified as available for sale and equity securities with readily determinable fair value not held for trading represents fair value. The book value for debt securities classified as held to maturity represents amortized cost less ACL if required. The Company determined that an ACL on its debt securities available for sale as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was not required. The Company adopted CECL in 2022. See the 2022 Form 10-K for details.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Amount%Amount%
(in thousands, except percentages)
Debt securities available for sale:
U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt$434,989 32.3 %$437,674 32.0 %
Corporate debt (1) (2) (3)268,267 19.9 %280,700 20.6 %
U.S. government agency debt332,171 24.6 %330,821 24.2 %
U.S. Treasury debt3,938 0.3 %1,996 0.1 %
Municipal bonds1,673 0.1 %1,656 0.1 %
Collateralized loan obligations4,845 0.4 %4,774 $4,774 0.4 %
$1,045,883 77.6 %$1,057,621 77.4 %
Debt securities held to maturity (4)$239,258 17.8 %$242,101 17.7 %
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value not held for trading (5)$— — %$11,383 0.8 %
Other securities (6):$62,556 4.6 %$55,575 4.1 %
$1,347,697 101.0 %$1,366,680 100.0 %
__________________
(1)    As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 corporate debt includes $10.1 million and $9.7 million, respectively, of debt securities issued by foreign corporate entities. The securities’ issuers were from Canada in the technology sector at March 31, 2023, and from Canada in two different sectors at December 31, 2022. The Company limits exposure to foreign investments based on cross border exposure by country, risk appetite and policy. All foreign investments are denominated in U.S. Dollars.
(2)    As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, debt securities in the financial services sector issued by domestic corporate entities represent 2.0% and 2.3% of our total assets, respectively.
(3)    As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, includes $127.9 million and $143.0 million, respectively, in subordinated debt securities issued by financial institutions. Additionally, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $64.3 million and $63.3 million in unsecured senior notes issued by financial institutions.
(4)    Includes securities issued by the U.S. government or U.S. government sponsored agencies.
(5)    In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company sold all of its marketable equity securities with a total fair value of $11.2 million at the time of sale, and recognized a pretax loss on the sale of $1.5 million. Therefore, there are no marketable equity securities at March 31, 2023. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized net unrealized gains of $1.3 million related to the change in market value of these equity securities.
(6)    Includes investments in FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock. Amounts correspond to original cost at the date presented. Original cost approximates fair value because of the nature of these investments.
92

As of March 31, 2023, total securities decreased $19.0 million, or 1.4%, to $1.3 billion compared to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2022. The decrease in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was mainly driven by maturities, sales, calls and pay downs, totaling $58.4 million. This was partially offset by: (i) purchases of $41.3 million, and net unrealized holding gains on debt securities available for sale of $9.1 million primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates during the period.

Debt securities available for sale had net unrealized holding losses of $104.4 million and net unrealized holding gains of $1.6 million at March 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 - net unrealized holding losses $113.0 million and net unrealized holding gains of $1.0 million). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded net unrealized holding gains of $9.1 million which are included in accumulated other comprehensive income for the period. This was attributable to changes in market interest rates during the period. The Company does not intend to sell these debt securities and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery. The Company believes these securities are not credit-impaired because the change in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and investment securities markets, generally, and not credit quality. As a result, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on these securities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The Company considers that all debt securities held to maturity issued or sponsored by the U.S. government are considered to be risk-free as they have the backing of the U.S. government. The Company considers there are not current expected credit losses on these securities and, therefore, did not record an ACL on any of its debt securities held to maturity as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company monitors the credit quality of held to maturity securities through the use of credit ratings. Credit ratings are monitored by the Company on at least a quarterly basis. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all held to maturity securities held by the Company were rated investment grade.
At December 31, 2022, the Bank had one corporate debt security held for sale (the “Signature Bond”) issued by Signature Bank, N.A. (“Signature”) with a fair value $9.1 million and unrealized loss of $0.9 million. At December 31, 2022, the Signature Bond was in an unrealized loss position for less one than year. On March 12, 2023, Signature was closed by the New York State Department of Financial Services, which appointed the FDIC as receiver. The FDIC, as receiver, announced that shareholders and certain unsecured debt holders will not be protected. On March 27, 2023, the Bank sold the Signature Bond in an open market transaction and realized a pretax loss on sale of approximately $9.5 million which is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2023.


93

The following tables set forth the book value, scheduled maturities and weighted average yields for our securities portfolio at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Similar to the table above, the book value for securities available for sale and equity securities is equal to fair market value and the book value for debt securities held to maturity is equal to amortized cost less an ACL if required.
March 31, 2023
(in thousands, except percentages)TotalLess than a yearOne to five yearsFive to ten yearsOver ten yearsNo maturity
AmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYield
Debt securities available for sale
U.S. Government sponsored enterprise debt$434,989 3.34 %$39 5.57 %$22,836 2.93 %$36,086 3.33 %$376,028 3.36 %$— — %
Corporate debt-domestic258,207 4.17 %9,135 4.63 %68,361 4.98 %169,820 3.85 %10,891 3.73 %— — %
U.S. Government agency debt332,171 3.38 %85 3.95 %2,772 3.44 %7,768 5.50 %321,546 3.33 %— — %
Municipal bonds1,673 2.58 %— — %— — %346 2.14 %1,327 2.69 %— — %
Corporate debt-foreign10,060 3.64 %— — %8,033 3.81 %2,027 2.98 %— — %— — %
Collateralized loan obligations4,845 6.60 %— — %— — %— — %4,845 6.60 %— — %
U.S. treasury securities3,938 4.57 %1,936 4.67 %2,002 4.47 %— — %— — %— — %
$1,045,883 3.58 %$11,195 4.64 %$104,004 4.39 %$216,047 3.81 %$714,637 3.37 %$— — %
Debt securities held to maturity$239,258 3.46 %$— — %$6,521 2.50 %$13,023 2.91 %$219,714 3.52 %$— — %
Other securities$62,556 6.29 %$— — %$— — %$— — %$— — %$62,556 6.29 %
$1,347,697 3.68 %$11,195 4.64 %$110,525 4.28 %$229,070 3.76 %$934,351 3.41 %$62,556 6.29 %

94

December 31, 2022
(in thousands, except percentages)TotalLess than a yearOne to five yearsFive to ten yearsOver ten yearsNo maturity
AmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYield
Debt securities available for sale
U.S. Government sponsored enterprise debt$437,674 3.32 %$37 5.27 %$21,136 2.89 %$38,540 3.34 %$377,961 3.34 %$— — %
Corporate debt-domestic270,979 3.97 %9,108 4.47 %45,293 3.88 %205,628 3.98 %10,950 3.74 %— — %
U.S. Government agency debt330,821 3.18 %136 4.05 %2,806 3.16 %8,433 4.59 %319,446 3.14 %— — %
Municipal bonds1,656 2.49 %— — %— — %342 2.01 %1,314 2.61 %— — %
Corporate debt-foreign9,721 3.64 %— — %— — %9,721 3.64 %— — %— — %
Collateralized loan obligations4,774 6.49 %— — %— — %— — %4,774 6.49 %— — %
U.S. treasury securities1,996 4.47 %— — %1,996 4.47 %— — %— — %— — %
$1,057,621 3.46 %$9,281 4.47 %$71,231 3.57 %$262,664 3.89 %$714,445 3.28 %$— — %
Debt securities held to maturity$242,101 3.44 %$— — %$6,480 2.50 %$13,130 2.90 %$222,491 3.50 %$— — %
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value not held for trading11,383 — %— — %— — %— — %— — %11,383 — %
Other securities$55,575 5.16 %$— — %$— — %$— — %$— — %$55,575 5.16 %
$1,366,680 3.50 %$9,281 4.47 %$77,711 3.48 %$275,794 3.84 %$936,936 3.33 %$66,958 4.28 %

The investment portfolio’s weighted average effective duration was 4.9 years at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

95

Liabilities
Total liabilities were $8.8 billion at March 31, 2023, an increase of $344.2 million, or 4.1%, compared to $8.4 billion at December 31, 2022. This was primarily driven by net increases of: (i) $242.5 million, or 3.4%, in total deposits, mainly due to an increase in time deposits and interest bearing demand deposits, and (ii) a net increase of $145.5 million, or 16.1%, in advances from the FHLB, including the addition of $1.0 billion of advances which were partially offset by the repayment of $871.7 million of these borrowings in the first quarter of 2023. These increases were partially offset by decreases of: (i) $26.1 million, or 14.6%, in other liabilities, primarily driven by changes in the estimated fair value of derivative instruments, and (ii) 17.9 million, or 12.8%, in long-term lease liability resulting from the modification of a lease in the first quarter of 2023. See “Capital Resources and Liquidity Management” and “Deposits” for more details on the changes in advances from the FHLB and total deposits.
Deposits
We continue with our efforts in growing our deposits. Our efforts include the additions of retail and private banking team members, which contributed to increasing deposit levels in the first quarter of 2023. See “Our Company- Business Developments” for additional information.

Total deposits were $7.3 billion at March 31, 2023, an increase of $242.5 million, or 3.4%, compared to December 31, 2022. The increase in deposits in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was mainly due to net increases of $201.1 million, or 11.6%, in time deposits and $41.4 million, or 0.8%, in core deposits. The $201.1 million, or 11.6%, increase in time deposits includes increases of $116.3 million, or 19.1%, in brokered time deposits and $84.8 million, or 7.6%, in customer CDs, respectively. The increase of $41.4 million, or 0.8%, in core deposits was primarily driven by an increase of $189.1 million, or 8.2%, in interest bearing transaction accounts, primarily due to increased deposits from municipalities and from domestic businesses through large fund providers, and an increase in reciprocal deposits during the period. These increases were partially offset by decreases of: (i) $132.9 million, or 8.2%, in savings and money market transaction accounts; (ii) $8.0 million, or 38.9%, in brokered interest bearing and money market deposits, and (iii) $7.0 million, or 0.5%, in noninterest bearing transaction accounts. As of March 31, 2023 total brokered deposits were $737.6 million, an increase of $108.3 million, or 17.2%, compared to $629.3 million at December 31, 2022.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately 69% and 65%, respectively, of our total deposits were FDIC insured. In addition, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we carried $281.3 million and $261.8 million, respectively, in qualified public deposits, which are subject to collateral maintenance requirements by the state of Florida.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, reciprocal deposits, which are 100% insured by the FDIC primarily through a deposit network, were $691 million and just over 120 customers as of the end of March 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022- $418 million and just over 27 customers). We are offering this alternative to our high balance customers.



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Deposits by Country of Domicile
The following table shows deposits by country of domicile of the depositor as of the dates presented and the changes during the period.
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022Amount%
Deposits
Domestic (1) (2)$4,891,873 $4,620,906 $270,967 5.9 %
Foreign:
Venezuela (3)1,897,199 1,911,551 (14,352)(0.8)%
Others (4)497,654 511,742 (14,088)(2.8)%
Total foreign2,394,853 2,423,293 (28,440)(1.2)%
Total deposits$7,286,726 $7,044,199 $242,527 3.4 %
_________________
(1)    Includes brokered deposits of $737.6 million and $629.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(2)    Domestic deposits, excluding brokered, increased $162.6 million, or 4.1%, compared to December 31, 2022.
(3)    Based upon the diligence we customarily perform to "know our customers" for anti-money laundering, OFAC and sanctions purposes, we believe that the U.S. economic embargo on certain Venezuelan persons will not adversely affect our Venezuelan customer relationships, generally.
(4) As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, deposits from Spain represent 1.2% of our total assets, respectively. All other foreign deposits included here, excluding deposits from Venezuelan resident customers, did not exceed 1% of of our total Assets.

Our domestic deposits increased $271.0 million, or 5.9%, in the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by increases of: (i) $245.0 million in domestic interest bearing demand transaction accounts; (ii) $116.3 million in domestic brokered time deposits; and (iii) $41.8 million in domestic customer CDs. These increases were partially offset by decreases of: (i) $120.8 million in domestic savings and money market transaction accounts, and (ii) $8.0 million in domestic brokered interest bearing and money market deposits.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, total foreign deposits decreased $28.4 million, or 1.2%, including $14.4 million, or 0.8%, in deposits from customers domiciled in Venezuela and $14.1 million, or 2.8%, in deposits from countries other than Venezuela. In the first quarter of 2023, we reorganized international banking to simplify the structure and drive favorable cost deposit growth. See “Our Company- Business Developments” for additional information.


Core Deposits
Our core deposits were $5.4 billion and $5.3 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Core deposits represented 73.5% and 75.5% of our total deposits at those dates, respectively. The increase of $41.4 million, or 0.8%, in core deposits in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was mainly driven by the previously mentioned increase in interest bearing demand deposits. We define “core deposits” as total deposits excluding all time deposits.

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Brokered Deposits
We utilize brokered deposits primarily as an asset/liability management tool. As of March 31, 2023, we had $737.6 million in brokered deposits, which represented 10.1% of our total deposits at that date (8.90% as of December 31, 2022). As of March 31, 2023, brokered deposits increased $108.3 million, or 17.2%, compared to $629.3 million as of December 31, 2022, mainly due to an increase in brokered time deposits. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, brokered deposits included time deposits of $725.0 million and $608.7 million, respectively, and third party interest bearing demand and money market deposits of $12.5 million and $20.5 million, respectively. The Company has not historically sold brokered CDs in denominations over $100,000.
Large Fund Providers
Large fund providers consists of third party relationships with balances over $20 million. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our large fund providers, included 19 and 22 deposit relationships, respectively, with total balances of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. The increase in large fund providers in the three ended months ended March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 was mainly driven by increased domestic deposit balances from municipalities and domestic businesses during the period. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately 70% and 60%, respectively, of these deposit balances from large fund providers were insured by the FDIC, as most of these funds are acquired via deposit networks.

Large Time Deposits by Maturity
The following table sets forth the maturities of our time deposits with individual balances equal to or greater than $100,000 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands, except percentages)
Less than 3 months$174,002 17.4 %$140,292 15.1 %
3 to 6 months109,993 11.0 %148,137 16.0 %
6 to 12 months523,972 52.4 %497,436 53.6 %
1 to 3 years182,704 18.3 %135,663 14.6 %
Over 3 years8,805 0.9 %6,889 0.7 %
Total$999,476 100.0 %$928,417 100.0 %

Short-Term Borrowings
In addition to deposits, we use short-term borrowings from time to time, such as advances from the FHLB and borrowings from other banks, as a source of funds to meet the daily liquidity needs of our customers and fund growth in earning assets. Short-term borrowings have maturities of 12 months or less as of the reported period-end. All of our outstanding short-term borrowings at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 corresponded to advances from the FHLB. There were no other borrowings or repurchase agreements outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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The following table sets forth information about the outstanding amounts of our short-term borrowings at the close of, and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and year ended December 31, 2022.
March 31,
2023		December 31,
2022
(in thousands, except percentages)
Outstanding at period-end$30,000 $304,821 
Average amount 138,288 111,448 
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end204,863 304,821 
Weighted average interest rate:
  During period 3.76 %1.98 %
  End of period 5.07 %3.17 %
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Return on Equity and Assets
The following table shows annualized return on average assets, return on average equity, and average equity to average assets ratio for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)(1)
Net income attributable to the Company (1)$20,186$15,379
Basic earnings per common share (1)0.600.44
Diluted earnings per common share (1)(2)0.600.44
Average total assets$9,305,830 $7,706,631
Average stockholders' equity734,198798,505
Net income attributable to the Company / Average total assets (ROA) (1)0.88 %0.81 %
Net income attributable to the Company / Average stockholders' equity (ROE) (1)11.15 %7.81 %
Average stockholders' equity / Average total assets ratio7.89 %10.36 %
__________________
(1)Amounts reflect the impact of the adoption of CECL effective as of January 1, 2022. See Note 1 to our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.
(2)In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, potential dilutive instruments consisted of unvested shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units. See Note 18 to our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for details on the dilutive effects of the issuance of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance share units on earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, basic and diluted earnings per share increased compared to same periods one year ago, mainly due to: (i) higher net income earned, and (ii) lower weighted average number of basic and diluted shares primarily as a result of our capital structure optimization efforts.

Capital Resources and Liquidity Management
Capital Resources 
Stockholders’ equity is influenced primarily by earnings, dividends, if any, and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss (AOCI/AOCL) caused primarily by fluctuations in unrealized holding gains or losses, net of taxes, on debt securities available for sale and derivative instruments. AOCI or AOCL are not included in stockholders’ equity for purposes of determining our capital for bank regulatory purposes.
Total stockholders’ equity was $729.1 million as of March 31, 2023, an increase of $23.3 million, or 3.3%, compared to $705.7 million as of December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by: (i) net income of $20.2 million in the first quarter of 2023, and (ii) after-tax net unrealized holding gains of $6.8 million primarily from the change in the market value of debt securities available for sale. These increases were partially offset by: (i) $3.0 million of dividends declared and paid by the Company in the first quarter of 2023, and (ii) an aggregate of $0.6 million of Class A common stock repurchased in the first quarter of 2023, under a stock repurchase program launched in the first quarter of 2023. See more details stock repurchase program launched in the first quarter of 2023 further below.

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Non-controlling Interest
The Company records net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in its condensed consolidated statement of operations equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in the interest of Amerant Mortgage, and presents non-controlling interests as a component of stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets. Equity attributable to the non-controlling interest was a net loss of $2.3 million as of March 31, 2023, compared to a net loss of $2.1 million as of December 31, 2022. In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, net loss attributable to the non-controlling interest was approximately $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. See the Form 10-K for details on changes to non-controlling interest in 2022. There were no changes to noncontrolling interest in the first quarter of 2023.
Common Stock Transactions
Class A Common Stock Repurchases and Cancellation of Treasury Shares. On December 19, 2022, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a new repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may purchase, from time to time, up to an aggregate amount of $25 million of its shares of Class A common stock (the “2023 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program”). The 2023 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program is effective from January 1, 2023 until December 31, 2023. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 22,403 shares of Class A common stock at a weighted average price of $25.25 per share, under the 2023 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program. The aggregate purchase price for these transactions was approximately $0.6 million, including transaction costs.
For more information about these repurchase programs, see Note 17 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements on the 2022 Form 10-K.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the cancellation of all shares of Class A common stock repurchased in the first quarter of 2023. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no shares of Class A common stock held as treasury stock.
Dividends. On January 18, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.09 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock. The dividend was paid on February 28, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 13, 2023. The aggregate amount in connection with this dividend was $3.0 million.



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Liquidity Management
We manage our liquidity based on several factors that include the amount of core deposit relationships as a percentage of total deposits, the level of diversification of our funding sources, the allocation and amount of our deposits among deposit types, the short-term funding sources used to fund assets, the amount of non-deposit funding used to fund assets, the availability of unused funding sources, off-balance sheet obligations, the amount of cash and liquid securities we hold, the availability of assets readily convertible into cash without undue loss, the characteristics and maturities of our assets when compared to the characteristics of our liabilities and other factors.
Liquidity risk management is a relevant element of our asset/liability management. Our contingency funding plan is constantly monitored by our Assets and Liabilities Committee and serves as the basis to identify our liquidity needs. The contingency funding plan models several liquidity stress scenarios to evaluate different potential liquidity outflows or funding gaps resulting from economic disruptions and volatility in the financial markets, among other factors.

Customer deposits have been our principal source of funding, supplemented by our investment securities portfolio, our shot-term and long-term borrowings as well as loan amortizations. The Company’s liquidity position includes cash and cash equivalents of $485.8 million at March 31, 2023, compared to $290.6 million at December 31, 2022.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $1.1 billion and $906.5 million, respectively, of outstanding advances from the FHLB. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had an additional $1.7 billion, of available borrowing capacity under FHLB facilities. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repaid $871.7 million in advances from the FHLB, and borrowed $1.0 billion from this source. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a net gain of $13.2 million on the early repayment of approximately $565 million of advances from the FHLB. In addition, in April 2023, the Company realized a pretax gain of $4.0 million on the early repayment of $175 million in advances from the FHLB. These early repayments are part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategies.
There were no other borrowings as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

We also have available uncommitted federal funds lines with several banks.We had no outstanding uncommitted federal funds lines with banks at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Holding and Intermediate Holding Subsidiaries

We are a corporation separate and apart from the Bank and, therefore, must provide for our own liquidity. Historically, our main source of funding has been dividends declared and paid to us by the Bank. In addition, we issued the Senior Notes in 2020 and Subordinated notes in 2022. Also, as a result of the Amerant Florida Merger in 2022, the Company is now the obligor and guarantor on our junior subordinated debt and the guarantor of the Senior Notes and Subordinated Notes. The Company held cash and cash equivalents at the Bank of $69.1 million as of March 31, 2023 and $64.9 million as of December 31, 2022, in funds available to service its Senior Notes, Subordinated Notes and junior subordinated debt and for general corporate purposes, as a separate stand-alone entity. See the 2022 Form 10-K for more details on the Amerant Florida Merger.
Subsidiary Dividends
There are statutory and regulatory limitations that affect the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company. These limitations exclude the effects of AOCI. Management believes that these limitations will not affect the Company’s ability, and Amerant Florida’s ability, to meet their ongoing short-term cash obligations. See “Supervision and Regulation” in the 2022 Form 10-K. There were no dividends received from the Bank by Amerant Bancorp in the the first quarter of 2023.
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Based on our current outlook, we believe that net income, advances from the FHLB, available other borrowings and any dividends paid to us and Amerant Florida by the Bank will be sufficient to fund liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months.

Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Company’s consolidated regulatory capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table:
ActualRequired for Capital Adequacy PurposesRegulatory Minimums To be Well Capitalized
(in thousands, except percentages)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
March 31, 2023
Total capital ratio$964,805 12.36 %$624,543 8.00 %$780,679 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital ratio849,173 10.88 %468,407 6.00 %624,543 8.00 %
Tier 1 leverage ratio849,173 9.04 %375,822 4.00 %469,778 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)788,226 10.10 %351,306 4.50 %507,441 6.50 %
December 31, 2022
Total capital ratio$947,505 12.39 %$611,733 8.00 %$764,666 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital ratio833,078 10.89 %458,799 6.00 %611,733 8.00 %
Tier 1 leverage ratio833,078 9.18 %363,130 4.00 %453,913 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)772,105 10.10 %344,100 4.50 %497,033 6.50 %
The Bank’s consolidated regulatory capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table:
ActualRequired for Capital Adequacy PurposesRegulatory Minimums to be Well Capitalized
(in thousands, except percentages)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
March 31, 2023
Total capital ratio$947,198 12.15 %$623,775 8.00 %$779,719 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital ratio860,891 11.04 %467,832 6.00 %623,775 8.00 %
Tier 1 leverage ratio860,891 9.19 %374,716 4.00 %468,395 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)860,891 11.04 %350,874 4.50 %506,817 6.50 %
December 31, 2022
Total capital ratio$923,113 12.10 %$610,149 8.00 %$762,686 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital ratio837,970 10.99 %457,612 6.00 %610,149 8.00 %
Tier 1 leverage ratio837,970 9.27 %361,655 4.00 %452,069 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)837,970 10.99 %343,209 4.50 %495,746 6.50 %
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Contractual Obligations
In the normal course of business, we and our subsidiaries enter into various contractual obligations that may require future cash payments. Significant commitments for future cash obligations include capital expenditures related to operating leases, and other borrowing arrangements. Set forth below are significant changes to our existing contractual obligations previously disclosed in the 2022 Form 10-K. Other than the changes discussed herein, there have been no material changes to the contractual obligations previously disclosed in the 2022 Form 10-K.
In the three months ended March 31, 2023 the Company borrowed $1.0 billion in advances from the FHLB and repaid $871.7 million of these borrowings. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a net gain of $13.2 million on the early repayment of approximately $565 million of advances from the FHLB. In addition, in April 2023, the Company realized a pretax gain of $4.0 million on the early repayment of $175 million in advances from the FHLB. These early repayments are part of the Company’s asset/liability management strategies.
In the three months ended March 31, 2023, total time deposits increased by $201.1 million, or 11.6%, including increases of $116.3 million in brokered time deposits and $84.8 million in customer time deposits. See “Deposits” for additional information
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
For our critical accounting policies and estimates disclosure, see the 2022 Form 10-K where such matters are disclosed for the Company’s latest fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. Except as discussed below, there are no recently issued accounting pronouncements that have recently been adopted by us. For a description of accounting standards issued that are pending adoption, see Note 1 “Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company’s interim consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

In 2022, the Company adopted ASC Topic 326 on CECL. The Company adopted the CECL guidance as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption, January 1, 2022, using a modified retrospective approach for all its financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. For more details on the adoption of CECL, see the 2022 Form 10-K.

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that eliminates the recognition and measurement guidance on troubled debt restructurings, or TDR, for creditors, and aligns it with existing guidance to determine whether a loan modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. The new guidance also requires enhanced disclosures about certain loan modifications by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The amended guidance is effective in periods beginning after December 15, 2022 using either a prospective or modified retrospective transition approach. Early adoption was permitted if an entity had already adopted the guidance on accounting for credit losses on financial instruments (“CECL”). The Company adopted this new guidance as of January 1, 2023, and determined that its adoption had no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued amended guidance to expand and clarify existing guidance on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets. The amendments clarify, among others, the “last-of-layer” method for making the fair value hedge accounting for these portfolios more accessible. The amendment also improves the last-of-layer concepts and expands them to nonprepayable financial assets, allowing more flexibility in the structure of derivatives used to hedge interest rate risk. The amended guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amended guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The amended guidance is available for early adoption. The Company adopted this new guidance as of January 1, 2023, and determined that its adoption had no material impact to its consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We believe interest rate and price risks are the most significant market risks impacting us. We monitor and evaluate these risks using sensitivity analyses to measure the effects on earnings, equity and the available for sale portfolio mark-to-market exposure, of changes in market interest rates. Exposures are managed to a set of limits previously approved by our Board of Directors and monitored by management. See discussions below for material changes in our market risk exposure as compared to those discussed in our 2022 Form 10-K, Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”.

Earnings Sensitivity
The following table shows the sensitivity of our net interest income as a function of modeled interest rate changes:
Change in earnings (1)
March 31,December 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)20232022
Change in Interest Rates (Basis points)
Increase of 200$33,037 9.3 %$27,580 7.9 %
Increase of 10021,239 6.0 %18,320 5.3 %
Decrease of 50 (6,477)(1.8)%(5,683)(1.6)%
Decrease of 100(13,293)(3.7)%(11,548)(3.3)%
Decrease of 200(33,254)(9.3)%(34,279)(9.8)%
__________________
(1) Represents the change in net interest income, and the percentage that change represents of the base scenario net interest income. The base scenario assumes (i) flat interest rates over the next 12 months, (ii) that total financial instrument balances are kept constant over time and (iii) that interest rate shocks are instant and parallel to the yield curve, for the various interest rates and indices that affect our net interest income.


Net interest income in the base scenario, increased to approximately $356 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $349 million as of December 31, 2022. This increase is mainly due to: (i) higher floating loan rates on existing loans due to higher short term market rates repricing higher through the quarter; and (ii) the growth in the size of the balance sheet as total assets increased $367.5 million, or 4.0%, in the first quarter of 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. These increases were partially offset by higher cost of total deposits.

The Company periodically reviews the scenarios used for earnings sensitivity to reflect market conditions.

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Economic Value of Equity (EVE) Analysis
The following table shows the sensitivity of our EVE as a function of interest rate changes as of the periods presented:
Change in equity (1)
March 31,December 31,
20232022
Change in Interest Rates (Basis points)
Increase of 200(4.53)%(7.97)%
Increase of 100(1.15)%(3.06)%
Decrease of 50(1.60)%3.08 %
Decrease of 1002.23 %4.11 %
Decrease of 2001.88 %4.95 %
__________________
(1) Represents the percentage of equity change in a static balance sheet analysis assuming interest rate shocks are instant and parallel to the yield curves for the various interest rates and indices that affect our net interest income.


During the periods reported, the modeled effects on the EVE remained within established Company risk limits.

Available for Sale Portfolio mark-to-market exposure

The Company measures the potential change in the market price of its investment portfolio, and the resulting potential change on its equity for different interest rate scenarios. This table shows the result of this test as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Change in market value (1)
March 31December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Change in Interest Rates
(Basis points)
Increase of 200$(90,442)$(116,288)
Increase of 100(46,492)(59,755)
Decrease of 5023,766 30,527 
Decrease of 100
47,430 60,578 
Decrease of 200
91,977 115,225 
__________________
(1) Represents the amounts by which the investment portfolio mark-to-market would change assuming rate shocks that are instant and parallel to the yield curves for the various interest rates and indices that affect our net interest income.

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The average duration of our investment portfolio increased to 4.9 years at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Additionally, the floating rate portfolio increased to 14.7% at March 31, 2023 from 13.2% at December 31, 2022.


Limits Approval Process
The following table sets forth information regarding our interest rate sensitivity due to the maturities of our interest bearing assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023. This information may not be indicative of our interest rate sensitivity position at other points in time.

March 31, 2023
(in thousands except percentages)TotalLess than one yearOne to three yearsFour to Five YearsMore than five yearsNon-rate
Earning Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$485,777 $418,031 $— $— $— $67,746 
Securities:
Debt available for sale1,045,883 249,933 265,840 152,320 377,790 — 
Debt held to maturity239,258 — — — 239,258 — 
Federal Reserve and FHLB stock62,556 45,920 — — — 16,636 
Trading securities— — — — — — 
Loans held for sale65,289 65,289 — — — — 
Loans held for investment-performing (1)
7,027,564 4,401,390 1,065,461 766,780 793,933 — 
Earning Assets$8,926,327 $5,180,563 $1,331,301 $919,100 $1,410,981 $84,382 
Liabilities
Interest bearing demand deposits2,489,565 2,489,565 — — 0— — 
Saving and money market1,507,195 1,507,195 — — — — 
Time deposits1,929,340 1,357,769 489,886 79,459 2,226 — 
FHLB advances1,052,012 30,000 352,012 670,000 — — 
Senior Notes59,289 — 59,289 — — — 
Subordinated Notes29,326 — — — 29,326 — 
Junior subordinated debentures64,178 64,178 — — — — 
Interest bearing liabilities$7,130,905 $5,448,707 $901,187 $749,459 $31,552 $— 
Interest rate sensitivity gap(268,144)430,114 169,641 1,379,429 84,382 
Cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap(268,144)161,970 331,611 1,711,040 1,795,422 
Earnings assets to interest bearing liabilities (%)95.1 %147.7 %122.6 %4,471.9 %N/M
__________________
(1)     “Loan portfolio-performing” excludes $22.2 million of non-performing loans (non-accrual loans and loans 90 days or more past-due and still accruing).
N/M    Not meaningful


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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The following table shows the outstanding balance of our off-balance sheet arrangements as of the end of the periods presented. Except as disclosed below, we are not involved in any other off-balance sheet contractual relationships that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, a change in our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. For more details on the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2022 Form 10-K.
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Commitments to extend credit$1,208,897 $1,165,701 
Letters of credit30,571 20,726 
$1,239,468 $1,186,427 

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, due to the material weakness in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that was described in Part II, Item 9A of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q.

Notwithstanding the material weakness, management believes, based on its procedures in preparing this report, that the consolidated financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.

Remediation

As previously indicated in Part II, Item 9A of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, we developed a remediation plan to address the material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. Such weaknesses will not be considered fully remediated until the applicable controls have been fully designed, documented, implemented and operate for a sufficient period of time for management to conclude, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. While we intend to complete the remediation of the material weakness in 2023, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully complete the remediation within the contemplated timeline.


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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are, from time to time, in the ordinary course of business, engaged in litigation, and we have a small number of unresolved claims pending. In addition, as part of the ordinary course of business, we are parties to litigation involving claims to the ownership of funds in particular accounts, the collection of delinquent accounts, credit relationships, challenges to security interests in collateral and foreclosure interests, that are incidental to our regular business activities. While the ultimate liability with respect to these litigation matters and claims cannot be determined at this time, we believe that potential liabilities relating to pending matters are not likely to be material to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Where appropriate, reserves for these various matters of litigation are established, under FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies, based in part upon management’s judgment and the advice of legal counsel.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
For detailed information about certain risk factors that could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results see "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of the 2022 Form 10-K. Set forth below are material changes to our existing risk factors previously disclosed in the 2022 Form 10-K. Other than the risk factors set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2022 Form 10-K.    

Many of our loans are to commercial borrowers, which have unique risks compared to other types of loans.

As of March 31, 2023, approximately $2.7 billion, or 38.6%, and $1.5 billion, or 21.0%, of our loan portfolio was comprised of CRE loans and commercial loans, respectively. These loans are larger and involve greater risk than other types of loans. Since payments on these loans are often dependent on the successful operation or development of the property or business involved, their repayment is more sensitive than other types of loans to adverse conditions in the real estate market and the general economy and the collateral securing these loans may not be sufficient to repay the loan in the event of default. Consequently, downturns in the real estate market and challenging business and economic conditions increase the risk related to commercial loans, including CRE loans. Unlike residential mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from their employment and other income and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial loans typically are made on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the commercial venture. Our commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the collateral underlying the loans. Most often, this collateral consists of accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Inventory and equipment may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. In some cases, the repossession of collateral may not be possible or may be delayed which could negatively impact the value we may realize from that collateral to repay the loan. If the cash flow from business operations is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. We attempt to mitigate this risk through our underwriting standards, including evaluating the creditworthiness of the borrower, and regular monitoring. However, these procedures cannot entirely eliminate the risk of loss associated with commercial lending. Due to the larger average size of each commercial loan as compared with other loans such as residential loans, as well as collateral that is generally less readily-marketable, losses incurred on a small number of commercial loans could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
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Also, since its inception, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the markets where we operate, in particular, in the metropolitan New York area, where we no longer generate loans but still had loans held for investment as of March 31, 2023 totaling $310 million, commercial real estate properties, including retail and office properties, have been and may continue to be negatively impacted by the pandemic and its consequences. If a decline in economic conditions, natural disasters affecting business development or other issues cause difficulties for our borrowers of these types of loans, if we fail to assess the credit of these loans accurately when underwriting them or if we fail to adequately continue to monitor the performance of these loans, our loan portfolio could experience delinquencies, defaults and credit losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Deterioration in the real estate markets, including the secondary market for residential mortgage loans, can adversely affect us.

A decrease in residential real estate market prices or lower levels of home sales, could result in lower single family home values, adversely affecting the value of collateral securing residential mortgage loans and residential property collateral securing loans that we hold, mortgage loan originations and gains on the sale of mortgage loans. A decline in real estate prices increases delinquencies and losses on certain mortgage loans, generally, and particularly on second lien mortgages and home equity lines of credit. A substantial portion of our single family loans consist of jumbo loans, and the secondary market for jumbo mortgages has historically been less liquid compared to conforming loans. In addition, significant ongoing disruptions in the secondary market for residential mortgage loans can limit the market for and liquidity of most residential mortgage loans other than conforming Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac loans, which could impact the amount of loans that we sell in the secondary market. Deteriorating trends could occur, including declines in real estate values, home sales volumes, financial stress on borrowers as a result of job losses, increases in interest rates or other factors. These could adversely impact borrowers and result in higher delinquencies and greater charge-offs in future periods, which would adversely affect our financial condition, including capital and liquidity, or results of operations. In the event our allowance for credit losses on these loans is insufficient to cover such losses, our future earnings, capital and liquidity could be adversely affected.

Defaults by or deteriorating asset quality of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.

Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk and losses in the event of a default by a counterparty. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We also may have exposure to these financial institutions in the form of unsecured debt instruments, derivatives and other securities. Further, potential action by governments and regulatory bodies in response to financial crises affecting the global and U.S. banking systems and financial markets, such as nationalization, conservatorship, receivership and other intervention, or lack of action by governments and central banks, as well as deterioration in the banks’ creditworthiness, could adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of these instruments, securities, transactions and investments or limit our ability to trade with them. Any losses or impairments to the carrying value of these investments or other changes may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. The recent events resulting in the failure of four banks in the U.S. may also result in potentially adverse changes to laws or regulations governing banks and bank holding companies or result in the imposition of restrictions through supervisory or enforcement activities, including higher capital requirements, which could have a material impact on our business.
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Material and negative developments adversely impacting the financial services industry at large and causing volatility in financial markets and the economy may have materially adverse effects on our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations.

The actual occurrence or widespread concerns regarding the potential occurrence of illiquidity, operational failures, defaults, non-performance or other material and adverse developments that impact financial institutions and transactional counterparties, or other entities within the financial services industry at large, have previously caused, and could continue to cause, market-wide liquidity issues, bank-runs and general contagion across the global and U.S. financial services industry. For example, in March and April 2023, bank runs precipitated the failure of four banks in the U.S. causing a state of volatility in the capital and credit markets and uncertainty regarding the health of the U.S. banking system, particularly around liquidity, uninsured deposits and customer concentrations. This volatility has particularly impacted the price of securities issued by financial institutions, including ours. While the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC acted promptly and collectively agreed to guarantee all deposits over the limit on insured deposits of $250,000 at three of these failed financial institutions, and the FDIC secured an agreement with a large financial institution for that institution to assume all of the deposits and substantially all of the assets of another failed institution, there can be no assurance that there will not be additional bank failures or issues in the broader financial system. Similarly, there can be no assurance that these U.S. government entities will act in a similar fashion in the event of the future closure or failure of any other banks or financial institutions. The cost of resolving the recent bank failures may prompt the FDIC to charge higher premiums above the current levels or to issue additional special assessments.

Adverse financial market and economic conditions may continue to exert downward pressure on the prices of stock and other securities and negatively impact credit availability for certain issuers, including us, without regard to their underlying financial strength. Additionally, these developments have negatively impacted customer confidence in the safety and soundness of banks. As a result, customers may choose to maintain deposits with large financial institutions or invest in higher yielding short-term fixed income securities, all of which could materially adversely impact the Company's liquidity, loan funding capacity, net interest margin, capital and results of operations. If the current levels of financial market and economic disruption, volatility and decreased levels of customer confidence continue or worsen, there can be no assurance that we will not experience adverse effects, which may materially impact our liquidity, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information regarding repurchases of the Company’s common stock by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

(a)(b)(c)(d)
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)
Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Current Program
January 1 - January 31— $— — $25,000,000 
February 1 - February 28— — — 25,000,000 
March 1 - March 3122,403 25.2522,403 24,434,398 
Total22,403 $25.25 22,403 $24,434,398 
________________
(1) On December 19, 2022, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a new repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may purchase, from time to time, up to an aggregate amount of $25 million of its shares of Class A common stock (the “2023 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program”). The 2023 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program is effective from January 1, 2023 until December 31, 2023. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 22,403 shares of Class A common stock at a weighted average price of $25.25 per share, under the 2023 Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program.

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ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.    
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Description
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data (embedded within XBRL documents)
*Furnished herewith
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
AMERANT BANCORP INC.
(Registrant)
Date:May 2, 2023By:
/s/ Gerald P. Plush
Gerald P. Plush
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:May 2, 2023By:/s/ Carlos Iafigliola
Carlos Iafigliola
Senior Executive Vice-President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
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